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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angiography

A

x-ray visualization of internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after the intravascular introduction of a contrast medium

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2
Q

Aortostenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

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3
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, passing and calcification of arterial walls

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4
Q

Atheroma

A

fatty degeneration or thickening of the larger arterial walls, as occurs in artherosclerosis

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5
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

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6
Q

Thrombolysis

A

breaking up of a thrombus

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7
Q

Vascular

A

pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

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8
Q

Venous

A

pertaining to the veins or blood passing though them

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9
Q

Tachycardia

A

rapid heart rate

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10
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical activity of the heart

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11
Q

Arteriostenosis

A

narrowing of an artery

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12
Q

Endocardium

A

structure within the heart

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13
Q

Flutter

A

a rapid contraction of the atrium or ventricle of the heart

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14
Q

Septum

A

a wall or partition dividing a body space or cavity

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15
Q

Aneurysm

A

localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, introducing the risk of rupture

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16
Q

Arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

the most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by an accumulation of fatty substances within the walls of the arteries causing partial and eventually total occlusion

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18
Q

Bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

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19
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

A

abnormal condition that may affect the heart’s arteries and produce various pathological effects, especially the reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium

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20
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, most commonly in iliac and femoral veins

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21
Q

Embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter present in a blood or lymphatic vessel brought there by the blood or lymph current

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22
Q

Fibrillation

A

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers

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23
Q

Heart failure

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues

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24
Q

Hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than normal causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart `

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25
Q

Ischemia

A

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow

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26
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood

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27
Q

Murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

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28
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused my partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries

29
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

30
Q

Raynaud phenomenon

A

numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

31
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most often seen in children and young adults

32
Q

Stroke

A

damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply, commonly caused by blockage of an artery

33
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

temporary interference with blood supply in the brain, causing no permanent damage

34
Q

Varicose Veins

A

swollen, distended beings caused by incompetent venous valves

35
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of a small tube through a small incision in the arm or leg that is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart

36
Q

Cardiac Enzyme Studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

37
Q

Echocardiography

A

ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and motion of the heart

38
Q

Electrocardiography

A

creation and study of graphic records produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle

39
Q

Holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn on the patient for making prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder while conducting normal daily activities

40
Q

Stress test

A

method of evaluating CV fitness by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and recording an ECG while a patient exercises and is subjected to increasing levels of stress

41
Q

Troponin 1

A

blood test that measures protein that is released into the blood by damaged heart muscle and is a highly specific indicator of a recent myocardial infarction

42
Q

Angioplasty

A

any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow, usually via balloon dilation

43
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

A

surgery that involves bypassing one ore more blocked coronary arteries to increase blood flow

44
Q

Statins

A

drugs that reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

45
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot

46
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

plastic or restorative surgery on a valve especially a cardiac valve

47
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

formation of lymphocytes or of lymphoid tissue

48
Q

Thyoma

A

usually a benign tumor of the thymus gland

49
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

extreme allergic reaction characterized by a rapid decrease in blood pressure, breathing difficulties, hives, and abdominal cramps

50
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

51
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

52
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

malignancy of connective tissue including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue, associated most often with AIDS

53
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

54
Q

Mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr Virus characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

55
Q

non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

any of a heterogenous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease

56
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration Biopsy

A

removal of living tissue, usually taken from the sternum or iliac crest, for microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue

57
Q

Lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and vessels after injection of a contrast medium

58
Q

Tissue typing

A

technique for determining the histocompatibility of tissues to be used for grafts and transplants with the recipient’s tissues and cells

59
Q

Desiccated

A

to remove the moisture from a thing that normal contains moisture, to dry out completely, to dehydrate

60
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing, shortness of breath

61
Q

Malaise

A

a condition of general bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of a disease

62
Q

ST-T wave

A

segment between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

63
Q

Syncope

A

partial or complete loss of consciousness with interruption of awareness of oneself and ones surroundings

64
Q

Heparin

A

an anticoagulant drug, useful in preventing thromboembolic complications

65
Q

Lidocaine

A

an anesthetic with sedative, analgesic and cardiac depressant properties used as local anesthetic or to treat arrhythmias

66
Q

Sheath

A

specifically designed tubular instrument through which other special instruments can be passed or blood clots, tissue fragments, and calculi can be removed

67
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

maintains primary responsibility for initiating heartbeat

68
Q

Angina pectoris

A

sever pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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