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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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2
Q

Laryngoscope

A

instrument for examining the larynx (voice box)

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3
Q

Nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

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4
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

thin watery discharge from the nose

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5
Q

Pharyngitits

A

inflammation of the pharynx, usually due to infection

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6
Q

Peritonsillar

A

pertaining to the area surrounding the tonsils

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7
Q

Tracheostomy

A

surgical opening though the neck into the trachea to provide and secure an open airway

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8
Q

Alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveoli

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9
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, usually in the lower portions of the lung

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10
Q

Bronchoscope

A

curved, flexible tube with a light for a visual examination of the bronchi

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11
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles

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12
Q

pneumectomy

A

excision of all or part of a lung

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13
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

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14
Q

pleuritic

A

pertaining to a condition of the pleurisy

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15
Q

Atelectasis

A

abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of alveoli

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16
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a deficiency of oxygen in the blood

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17
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen an the cellular level

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18
Q

Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

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19
Q

Pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in the thorax

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20
Q

Acidosis

A

excessive acidity of the blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate

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21
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia, due to sever inflammatory damage and fluid-filled alveoli

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22
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue, preventing gas exchange

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23
Q

Coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

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24
Q

Crackle

A

adventitious lung sound heard on auscultation, produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed airways

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25
Q

Croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

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26
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

inherited disease of the exocrine glands with production of thick mucus that causes sever congestion of the lungs and digestive system

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27
Q

Empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity; pyothorax

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28
Q

Epiglottitis

A

potentially life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area, occurring most often in children 2-12 years old

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29
Q

Epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

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30
Q

Hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood, also called anoxemia

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31
Q

Hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the tissues, also called anoxia

32
Q

Influenza

A

acute, contagious, respiratory infection, characterized by sudden onset fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

33
Q

Lung cancer

A

pulmonary malignancy commonly attributable to cigarette smoking

34
Q

Pertussis

A

acute infectious disease characterized by whoop sounding cough. Immunizations of infants as part of DPT vaccine prevents it; also called whooping cough

35
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity. The fluid may contain blood, serum, or pus

36
Q

Pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, causing partial or complete collapse of the lung

37
Q

Rhonci

A

abnormal chest sounds resembling snoring, produced in airways with accumulated fluids

38
Q

Stridor

A

abnormal high-pitched breathing sound made on inspiration caused by obstruction of airway passages

39
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well infant. Also called crib death

40
Q

Wheezes

A

whistling or sighing sounds resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway that is noted by the use of a stethoscope

41
Q

Arterial Blood Gases

A

group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample

42
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests

A

include any of several tests to evaluate the condition of the respiratory system. Measures of expiratory flow and lung volumes and capacities are obtained

43
Q

Spirometry

A

measures the breathing capacity of lungs

44
Q

Bronchodilators

A

drugs used to dilate the walls of the bronchi of the lungs to increase airflow

45
Q

Corticosteroids

A

hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease

46
Q

Nebulized Mist Treatment

A

use of a device for producing a fine spray to deliver medication directly into the lungs

47
Q

Postural drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from the specific loves of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

48
Q

Anesthesia

A

insensitivity to pain, induced by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs before surgical procedures

49
Q

Biopsy

A

an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease

50
Q

Carcinoma

A

a cancer arising from epithelial tissue

51
Q

Diagnosis

A

the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of symptoms

52
Q

Expire

A

to release air from the lungs through the nose or mouth

53
Q

Hemorrhage

A

escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel

54
Q

Lymph Node

A

bean shaped organ in the lymphatic system, whose function is to filter lymph

55
Q

Meatus

A

a passage or opening leading to the interior of the body

56
Q

Metastatic

A

has spread from the primary site of origin to other parts of the body

57
Q

Necroscopy

A

examination and dissection of a dead body in order to determine the cause of death

58
Q

Needle Biopsy

A

procedure using a needle to obtain a sample of cells from a patient for lab testing

59
Q

Nodular

A

of, relating to, characterized by, or occurring in the form of nodules (small masses of irregular shape)

60
Q

Papillary

A

relating to papillae (which are small rounded protuberances on a part or organ of the body)

61
Q

Polyp

A

a small growth typically benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucus membrane

62
Q

Polypectomy

A

surgical removal of a polyp

63
Q

Pulmonary

A

relating to the lungs

64
Q

Snare

A

a surgical instrument with a wire loop at the end of it, allowing it to be used for removing tissue masses

65
Q

Asthma

A

respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty of breathing, usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity

66
Q

Excursion

A

a range of movement regularly repeated in performance of a function

67
Q

Lobe

A

a demarcation in an organ by a fissure

68
Q

Nasal Polyps

A

non-cancerous growths that appear in nasal passages

69
Q

Percussion

A

the act or technique of tapping on the surface of the body part in order to determine the condition of the parts beneath it based off of the resulting sounds

70
Q

Resonance

A

the sound elicited by percussion of the chest

71
Q

Tactile Fremitus

A

a tremulous vibration of the chest wall during speaking that is palpable in physical examinations

72
Q

Thoracentesis

A

a surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid

73
Q

Aspirate

A

refers to using suction to remove fluids from a body cavity

74
Q

Chondroma

A

a cartilaginous tumor

75
Q

Tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease that produces small lesions or tubercles in the lungs

76
Q

Catheter

A

a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body; used to withdraw or instill fluids

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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