Chapter 7 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Biomedical Approach to Psych Disorders
Narrow focus mostly on symptom reduction
Biophysical Approach to Psych Disorders
Broad focus on holistic health to treat psych disorders
Direct Therapy
Therapy focused on the individual
Indirect Therapy
Therapy focused on the surroundings of the individual (friends, family)
Psychotic Disorder (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorder thoughts/behaviors, catatonia, and negative symptoms
Examples: Schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, delusion disorder, brief psychotic episode.
Positive Psychotic Symptoms
Addition to normal behaviors
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thoughts/behaviors
Negative Psychotic Symptoms
Decrease in normal behaviors affect and avolition
- Blunting (decreased emotion)
- Emotional flattening (no emotion)
- Inappropriate effect
Phases of Schizophrenia
Prodromal
Active
Residual Recovery
Depressive Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Sadness + SIG E CAPS (Sadness, Sleep, Interest , Guilt, Engagement, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor symptoms, Suicidal thought)
Types: MDD, PDD,
MDD vs PDD Diagnosis criteria
MDD: 2+ weeks 5-9 symptoms
PDD: 2+ years 5-9 symptoms
Bipolar Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Manic DIG FAST (Distractibility, irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of thoughts, Activity/Agitation, Sleep, Talkative)
Types: BPI, BPII, Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II
I: Manic episodes with or without catatonic episodes.
II: Catatonic episodes without manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Brief Schizophrenia symptoms (less than 4 days, less than 5 symptoms)
Anxiety Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Irrational and excessive fear
Types: Phobias, separation anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (symptoms, types)
Symptoms: response to stimuli/situations with specific actions
Types: OCD, body dysmorphia, hoarding, trichotillomania, excoriation
Trauma/Stressor Related Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Cause by trauma/stressors
Types: PTSD, dissociative disorders, dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization/derealization disorder.
PTSD Criteria
- Intrusion
- Arousal
- Avoidance
- Negative cognitive symptoms
Somatic Symptom Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Anxiety caused by a somatic symptom
Types: Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder.
Personality Disorders (symptoms/types)
Symptoms: Impaired cognition, emotion, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control
Types: Cluster A/B/C disorders
Conversion Disorder
Symptoms affecting motor/sensory function inconsistent with neurophysical condition.
Ego dystonic vs systonic
Dystonic: Individual perceives behavior as normal
Systonic: Individual perceives behavior as abnormal
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Odd/eccentric
Paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Erratic/dramatic/emotional
Antisocial, borderline personality disorder, histrionic, narcissistic.
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Anxious/fearful
Avoidant, depressive, obsessive compulsive
Biological Basis of Schizophrenia
Genetics, hypoxia at birth, marijuana use in adolescence, possible brain structure differences.
Biological Basis of Depressive and Bipolar Disorder
Depression: high glucose metabolism in the amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, increased cortisol, decreased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine)
Bipolar Disorder: Increased norepinephrine, increased serotonin, genetics, MS
Biological Basis of Alzheimer’s
- Presenilin mutation, apolipoprotein E, B amyloid tangles
- Brain atrophy, flattened sulci in cerebral cortex, enlarge ventricles
- Decreased blood flow to parietals
- decreased acetylcholine
- decreased choline acetyltransferase (acetylcholine production)
- decreased metabolism in temporal and parietal lobes, B amyloid plaques, Tau tangles.
Biological Basis of Parkinson’s
- Bradykinesia, resting tremors, pill rolling tremor, masklike face, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait.
- low dopamine in basal ganglia
- treatment with L-DOPA
