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Kaplan Behavioral Sciences > Chapter 1 - Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Biology and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain (term)

A

Proencephalon

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2
Q

Proencephalon (parts)

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon

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3
Q

Midbrain (term)

A

Mesensephalon

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4
Q

Hindbrain (term)

A

Rhombencephalon

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5
Q

Rhombencephalon (parts)

A

Metensephalon, myelencephalon

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6
Q

Cerebral cortex (function)

A

(F) Complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes.

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7
Q

Basal ganglia (function, contains)

A

(F) Movement
Contains: extrapyramidal system

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8
Q

Limbic system (function, contains)

A

(F) Emotion and memory
Contains: septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex.

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9
Q

Thalamus (function)

A

(F) Sensory relay for sight, touch, hearing, and taste.

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10
Q

Hypothalamus (function)

A

(F) Hunger, thirst, emotion, sexual function (4 F’s Fighting, Flighting, Feeding, F*cking)

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11
Q

Inferior and superior colliculi (function)

A

(M) Sensorimotor reflexes

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12
Q

Cerebellum (function)

A

(H) Refined motor movements, balance

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13
Q

Medulla oblongata (function)

A

(H) Heartbeat, breathing, BP. Vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing)

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14
Q

Reticular formation (function)

A

(H) Arousal and alertness

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15
Q

Pons (function)

A

Communication within the brain, breathing

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16
Q

Lateral hypothalamus (function)

A

Hunger and thirst center. Signals brain to eat or drink.

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17
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus (function)

A

Satiety Center. Signals the brain to stop eating or drinking.

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18
Q

Anterior hypothalamus (function)

A

Controls sexual behavior, regulates sleep and body temperature

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19
Q

Posterior pituitary gland (function)

A

Releases ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin.

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20
Q

Pineal gland (function)

A

Melatonin secretion and circadian rhythm

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21
Q

Septal nuclei (function)

A

Primary pleasure center of the brain

22
Q

Amygdala (function)

A

Fear and rage center

23
Q

Hippocampus (function)

A

Learning and memory center. Helps consolidate information to form long-term memories.

24
Q

Prefrontal cortex (function)

A

(frontal lobe) Manages executive function. Associates with perception, memory, emotion, impulse control, and long term planning

25
Q

Motor cortex (function)

A

(frontal lobe) Initiate voluntary motor movements.

26
Q

Brocas area (function)

A

(frontal lobe) speech production

27
Q

Somatosensory cortex (function)

A

(parietal lobe) responsible for somatosensory information processing (pain, temperature, pressure, etc)

28
Q

Visual (AKA striate cortex) (function)

A

(occipital lobe) Sensation and perception of visual information.

29
Q

Auditory cortex (function)

A

(temporal lobe) Sensation an perception of sound.

30
Q

Wernickes area (function)

A

(temporal lobe) associated with language processing, emotion, and comprehension.

31
Q

Dominant hemisphere (usually left) (function)

A

Analytics, logic, math, Brocas area, Wernicke’s area

32
Q

Nondominant hemisphere (usually right) (function)

A

Intuition, creativity, music cognition, and spatial processing

33
Q

Anterior singulate cortex

A

Higher-order cognitive processes (regulation of impulse control, decision making)

34
Q

Agonist vs Antagonist

A

Agonist: Drug mimicking action of a neurotransmitter.
Antagonist: Drug-blocking action of a neurotransmitter.

35
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Transmits nerve impulses to muscles. Can be excitatory or inhibitory. Linked to attention and arousal in the CNS.

36
Q

Catecholamines (3 types)

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine.

37
Q

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

A

Involved in alertness, primary sympathetic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine = local
Epinephrine = systemic

38
Q

Low vs high levels of epinephrine

A

Low = depression
High = anxiety/mania

39
Q

Dopamine

A

Plays a role in movement, posture, and pleasure. Found high concentrations in the basal ganglia.

40
Q

Low vs high levels of dopamine

A

High/oversensitive dopamine receptors = Schizophrenia, addiction
Low = Parkinson’s

41
Q

Serotonin

A

Monoamine, plays a role in mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming.

42
Q

Low vs high levels of serotonin

A

High = mania
Low = depression

43
Q

GABA

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid. Stabilizes neuronal activity by hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic membrane.

44
Q

Glycine

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Hyperpolarizes postsynaptic membrane by increasing chloride influx into the neuron.

45
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter.

46
Q

Endorphins

A

Neuropeptides (related to enkephalins), that mimic morphine and opioids (painkillers).

47
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Function

A

“master gland” releases hormones that regulate all endocrine glands. Controlled by the hypothalamus.

FLAT PEG
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Leutinizing Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
TSH
Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth Hormone

48
Q

Adrenal Glands (parts)

A

Made of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.

49
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine/ norepinephrine synthesis and secretion

50
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Synthesis of corticosteroids including cortisol, and sex hormones.

51
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (Hypothalamus)

A

Regulates circadian rhythm. Sends impulses to the pineal gland for melatonin secretion.

Kaplan Behavioral Sciences (12 decks)

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