Chapter 7: Protectie Gear and Sports Equipment

Question 1

Who establishes the standards for football helmet certification?

Answer 1

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)

Question 2

What steps should be taken every time when fitting a football helmet?

Answer 2

1) It should fit snugly around all parts of the player’s head, with no gaps between check pads & head/face
2) It should cover the base of the skull. The pads on the back of the neck should be snug
3) Is should not come down over the eyes. It should set (front edge) ¾ inch (2 fingers) above the eyebrows
4) The ear holes should match
5) The face mask should be attached securely to the helmet, allowing complete field of vision and 3 finger widths from the nose
6) Shouldn’t shift with manual pressure
7) Should not recoil on impact
8) The chin strap should be = distance from the center of the helmet.
9) Jaw pads should fit snugly against the cheekbones

Question 3

What steps should be taken when fitting football shoulder pads?

Answer 3

1) The width of the shoulder should be measured to determine proper pad size
2) The inside shoulder pad should cover the tip of the shoulder in direct line with lateral aspect
3) Epaulets & cups should cover deltoid and allow movement required by position
4) The neck opening must allow the athlete to raise the arm overhead without pad sliding back & forth
5) If a split-clavicle pad is used, the channel for the top of the shoulder must be in the proper position
6) Straps under the arm must hold the pads firmly in place without constricting soft tissue
7) Make sure pads don’t shift when the jersey is put on.

Question 4

What is the Canadian Standards Association?

Answer 4

The association that approves protective helmets in hockey. Helmets must have this stamp

Question 5

Who approves baseball/softball batting helmets?

Answer 5

Each runner and on deck batter is required to wear a helmet with the NOCSAE stamp.

Question 6

What are the 3 types of mouthgaurds?

Answer 6

Stock variety, commercial that is formed after being in boiling water, and custom-fabricated (formed over a mold made from an impression of the maxillary arch).

Question 7

What 3 sports make practice of protecting the ears?

Answer 7

Boxing, water polo, and wrestling

Question 8

Sports bras should prevent the stretching of what ligament?

Answer 8

Cooper’s ligament, located on the superior portion of the breast

Question 9

What are attributes of a well-constructed running shoe?

Answer 9

• Breakdown between 350-550 miles.
• ½ to ¾ inch between longest toe and front of the shoe
• Sole should provide shock absorption and be durable
• Heel wedges can be inserted on either side of the sole to account for structural deformities
• Flared heels are appropriate for running shoes but NOT aerobic or court shoes
• Shank is the part of the sole between the heel and met heads. Used to support the weight
• Last is the form that the shoe is built on. Straight lasted shoe is filled on the medial side for pronators. Curved lasts are used for supinators (high arches)
• Heel counter prevents the foot from rolling side to side. Should be firm and well fitted
• Shoe upper made of nylon and leather, lightweight, quick drying, well ventilated. Extra padding over the Achilles.
• Arch support should be durable, soft, and smoothly join with the insole…no rough ridges
• Fit the shoe at the end of the day to accommodate for the increase of foot volume
• The shoe should bend at the widest part.
• Distances: heel to metatarsophalangeal joint & heel to end of the longest toe.

Question 10

What are some shoe lacing techniques?

Answer 10

Narrow foot or wide heel, Wide foot (don’t criss cross until the top), Low arch (criss cross normally until halfway up then use loop lacing technique), High arch (crisscross first set of holes, then thread them straight up each side, crisscrossing only one time before the last hole)

Question 11

For what injuries would a heel cup be useful?

Answer 11

Plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Achilles tendonitis, heel bursitis….helps to compress fat pad under the heel for more cushioning. Should be worn bilaterally, can be hard plastic or spongy rubber

Question 12

What are prophylactic braces?

Answer 12

Protective braces to prevent injuries…Ex: knee brace for MCL injury prevention

Question 13

What are rehabilitative braces?

Answer 13

Used after surgical repair or reconstruction. Ex: having hinges to control ROM

Question 14

What are functional braces?

Answer 14

Can be worn during and following rehab period to provide support during functional activities. Can be purchased or custom made…Ex: neoprene sleeves