Chapter 17: Pharmacology

Question 1

Define pharmacology and pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their origin/nature/properties/effects on living organism
Pharmacokinetics is the method by which drugs are absorbed/distributed/metabolized/eliminate

Question 2

What are the 10 methods of internal administration of drugs?

Answer 2

Inhalation, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, intraspinal, intravenous, oral, rectal, sublingal/buccal (under the tongue)

Question 3

What are the 6 methods of external administration of drugs?

Answer 3

Inunctions (oily/medicated substances on the skin), ointments, pastes, plasters, transdermal patches, solutions

Question 4

What is bioavailability, efficacy, metabolism, half-life, steady-state, habituation, potentiating agent?

Answer 4

Bioavailability: how completely a particular drug is absorbed by the system
Efficacy: a drug’s capability of producing a specific therapeutic effect
Metabolism: changing a drug into a water-soluble compound that can be excreted
Half-life: the rate at which a drug disappears from the body through metabolism/excretion/both
Steady-state: when the amount of the drug taken is equal to the amount excreted
Habituation: individual’s development of a psych need for a specific medication
Potentiating Agent: a pharmaceutical that increases the effect of another

Question 5

What is the difference between dispensing and administering? What can the ATC do?

Answer 5

The ATC can administer one dose of non Rx medication. Dispensing is Rx drugs or more than one dose of a non Rx

Question 6

What should the ATC include when keeping records on OTC drug use?

Answer 6

Patient name, indication, current meds, drug allergies, name of med given, lot #, expiration date,
Quantity of medication, method of administration, date and time of administration

Question 7

What is an antiseptic?

Answer 7

Drugs that combat infections…ex: germicides, fungicides, alcohol, phenol, halogens

Question 8

What are antifungals?

Answer 8

Medication designed to treat fungi…ex: Epidermophyton, trichophyton, candida albicans

Question 9

What are antibiotics?

Answer 9

Bacteriostatic (inhibiting growth) or bacteriocidal (killing bacterial), interferes with metabolic process, ex: penicillin, cephalosporins, bacitracin, tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfonamides

Question 10

What type of drug treats asthma?

Answer 10

Bronchiodilators, MDIs (metered dose inhalers) and DPIs (dry powder inhalers)

Question 11

What are counterirritants?

Answer 11

Increase blood circulation, redness, skin temp, creating a stimulus that makes the athlete unaware of the pain. Ex: liniments, analgesic balms, heat, cold

Question 12

What are narcotic analgesics?

Answer 12

directly from opium or are synthetic opiates, depress pain impulses and the respiratory center, ex: codeine, propoxyphene HCl, morphine, meperidine

Question 13

What is the main non-narcotic analgesic/antipyretic?

Answer 13

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Question 14

What is an antiinflamatory?

Answer 14

Reduces inflammation, aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

Question 15

What do antacids do?

Answer 15

Neutralize acidity in the upper GI tract by raising pH and inhibiting activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin

Question 16

What are antiemetics?

Answer 16

Used to treat nausea and vomiting, act locally or centrally, Pepto

Question 17

What do carminatives do?

Answer 17

Drugs that give relief from flatulence (gas), inhibit gas formation and aid in its expulsion

Question 18

What is the difference between Pepto and Imodium AD? Which is more effective?

Answer 18

Imodium AD is an antidiuretic both are non prescriptions. Pepto is an antiemetics which is used to treat nausea and vomiting.

Question 19

What do histamine-2 blockers do?

Answer 19

Reduce stomach acid output by blocking the action of histamine on certain cells in the stomach

Question 20

What is the main topical nasal decongestant? The main oral?

Answer 20

Topical: Afrin/Otivin/Neosynephrin….Oral: Sudafed

Question 21

What do antihistamines do?

Answer 21

Histamine causes dilation of arteries and capillaries, skin flushing, and a rise in temperature, PREDISPOSITION TO HEAT ILLNESS when on antihistamines

Question 22

What is the difference between antitussives and expectorants?

Answer 22

Antitussive: cough suppressant…expectorant: helps with productive coughs

Question 23

What are sympathomimetics?

Answer 23

Drugs used to treat exercise induced bronchospasm…ex: albuterol

Question 24

What do hemostatic agents do?

Answer 24

Drugs that immediately inhibit bleeding…currently being investigated

Question 25

What do anticoagulants do?

Answer 25

Prolong the clotting time of blood or control clots that are present

Question 26

What drugs predispose an athlete to heatstroke?

Answer 26

Sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, diuretics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, alcohol, LSD, lithium

Question 27

What drugs are on the banned drug list?

Answer 27

Stimulants, amphetamines, caffeine, narcotic analgesic drugs, beta blockers, diuretics, anabolic steroids, THG, androstenedione, HGH, blood doping/packing/boosting

Question 28

What are beta blockers and diuretics prescribed for?

Answer 28

hypertension and heart disease….D: increase kidney’s reabsorption of sodium, increase excretion of potassium and bicarbonate, also hypertension

Question 29

What are some side effects of anabolic steroid use?

Answer 29

TEENS: Premature closure of long bones, acne, hirsutism, voice deepening, enlarged mammary glands (males)
MALES: baldness, acne, voice deepening, mood swings, aggressive behavior, decreased high density lipoprotein, increased cholesterol, reduction in size of testicles, reduced testosterone, changes in libido
FEMALES: hair loss, acne, voice deepening, increased facial hair, enlarged clitoris & libido, menstrual irregularities, increased aggression, decreased body fat, increased appetite, decreased breast
ABUSE: possible liver tumors & cancer, heart disease, hypertension, CNS dysfunction, irreversible changes to the reproductive & endocrine systems

Question 30

How does physical activity influence a drug’s therapeutic effect?

Answer 30

Increases rate of absorption