Chapter 17: Pharmacology Flashcards
Define pharmacology and pharmacokinetics?
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their origin/nature/properties/effects on living organism
Pharmacokinetics is the method by which drugs are absorbed/distributed/metabolized/eliminate
What are the 10 methods of internal administration of drugs?
Inhalation, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, intraspinal, intravenous, oral, rectal, sublingal/buccal (under the tongue)
What are the 6 methods of external administration of drugs?
Inunctions (oily/medicated substances on the skin), ointments, pastes, plasters, transdermal patches, solutions
What is bioavailability, efficacy, metabolism, half-life, steady-state, habituation, potentiating agent?
Bioavailability: how completely a particular drug is absorbed by the system
Efficacy: a drug’s capability of producing a specific therapeutic effect
Metabolism: changing a drug into a water-soluble compound that can be excreted
Half-life: the rate at which a drug disappears from the body through metabolism/excretion/both
Steady-state: when the amount of the drug taken is equal to the amount excreted
Habituation: individual’s development of a psych need for a specific medication
Potentiating Agent: a pharmaceutical that increases the effect of another
What is the difference between dispensing and administering? What can the ATC do?
The ATC can administer one dose of non Rx medication. Dispensing is Rx drugs or more than one dose of a non Rx
What should the ATC include when keeping records on OTC drug use?
Patient name, indication, current meds, drug allergies, name of med given, lot #, expiration date,
Quantity of medication, method of administration, date and time of administration
What is an antiseptic?
Drugs that combat infections…ex: germicides, fungicides, alcohol, phenol, halogens
What are antifungals?
Medication designed to treat fungi…ex: Epidermophyton, trichophyton, candida albicans
What are antibiotics?
Bacteriostatic (inhibiting growth) or bacteriocidal (killing bacterial), interferes with metabolic process, ex: penicillin, cephalosporins, bacitracin, tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfonamides
What type of drug treats asthma?
Bronchiodilators, MDIs (metered dose inhalers) and DPIs (dry powder inhalers)
What are counterirritants?
Increase blood circulation, redness, skin temp, creating a stimulus that makes the athlete unaware of the pain. Ex: liniments, analgesic balms, heat, cold
What are narcotic analgesics?
directly from opium or are synthetic opiates, depress pain impulses and the respiratory center, ex: codeine, propoxyphene HCl, morphine, meperidine
What is the main non-narcotic analgesic/antipyretic?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
What is an antiinflamatory?
Reduces inflammation, aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids
What do antacids do?
Neutralize acidity in the upper GI tract by raising pH and inhibiting activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin
What are antiemetics?
Used to treat nausea and vomiting, act locally or centrally, Pepto
What do carminatives do?
Drugs that give relief from flatulence (gas), inhibit gas formation and aid in its expulsion
What is the difference between Pepto and Imodium AD? Which is more effective?
Imodium AD is an antidiuretic both are non prescriptions. Pepto is an antiemetics which is used to treat nausea and vomiting.
What do histamine-2 blockers do?
Reduce stomach acid output by blocking the action of histamine on certain cells in the stomach
What is the main topical nasal decongestant? The main oral?
Topical: Afrin/Otivin/Neosynephrin….Oral: Sudafed
What do antihistamines do?
Histamine causes dilation of arteries and capillaries, skin flushing, and a rise in temperature, PREDISPOSITION TO HEAT ILLNESS when on antihistamines
What is the difference between antitussives and expectorants?
Antitussive: cough suppressant…expectorant: helps with productive coughs
What are sympathomimetics?
Drugs used to treat exercise induced bronchospasm…ex: albuterol
What do hemostatic agents do?
Drugs that immediately inhibit bleeding…currently being investigated
What do anticoagulants do?
Prolong the clotting time of blood or control clots that are present
What drugs predispose an athlete to heatstroke?
Sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, diuretics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, alcohol, LSD, lithium
What drugs are on the banned drug list?
Stimulants, amphetamines, caffeine, narcotic analgesic drugs, beta blockers, diuretics, anabolic steroids, THG, androstenedione, HGH, blood doping/packing/boosting
What are beta blockers and diuretics prescribed for?
hypertension and heart disease….D: increase kidney’s reabsorption of sodium, increase excretion of potassium and bicarbonate, also hypertension
What are some side effects of anabolic steroid use?
TEENS: Premature closure of long bones, acne, hirsutism, voice deepening, enlarged mammary glands (males)
MALES: baldness, acne, voice deepening, mood swings, aggressive behavior, decreased high density lipoprotein, increased cholesterol, reduction in size of testicles, reduced testosterone, changes in libido
FEMALES: hair loss, acne, voice deepening, increased facial hair, enlarged clitoris & libido, menstrual irregularities, increased aggression, decreased body fat, increased appetite, decreased breast
ABUSE: possible liver tumors & cancer, heart disease, hypertension, CNS dysfunction, irreversible changes to the reproductive & endocrine systems
How does physical activity influence a drug’s therapeutic effect?
Increases rate of absorption
