Chapter 14: Bloodborne Pathogens Flashcards
What are the 3 main bloodborne pathogens?
Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
What are the 5 main modes of transmission for bloodborne pathogens?
Direct: contact between body surfaces, droplet spread, fecal-oral spread.
Indirect: airborne, vectors (living things to insects, birds, animals)
human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid
Hepatitis is a dysfunction of what organ?
Liver leads to cirrhosis, cancer, failure, death
What are the S&S of HBV?
Flulike sx, fatigue, weakness, HA, nausea, weakness, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice, but can go undetected w/o S&S
How long can HBV survive in dried blood or on contaminated surfaces?
at least 1 week
What are the S&S of HCV? What abdominal quadrant would one experience pain?
Most common chronic bloodborne infection in US. 80% have no S&S, but possible jaundice, mild abdominal pain (upper right quadrant), loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, muscle/joint pain, dark urine
How is HCV most commonly transmitted?
Contact with an infected person’s blood (needles, syringes), also razors & toothbrushes
Which has a vaccine: HBV or HCV?
HBV has a vaccine, HCV does not. HBV requires three doses over a six month period. must be available to employers at not cost when individuals may be exposed to blood
What is a retrovirus?
A virus that enters a host cell and changes its RNA to a proviral DNA replica (T, B cells, macrophages)
What are the S&S of HIV? How long until it is detectable in a blood test?
Fatigue, weight loss, muscle/joint pain, painful/swollen glands, night sweats, fever, can go without knowing they have it. It can be detected within one year after exposure.
How long after becoming infected with HIV will one typically develop AIDS?
A test cannot predict when AIDS symptoms will show, but 50% of people develop AIDS within 10 years of becoming HIV infected…
How long after being diagnosed with AIDS does one usually die?
Generally die within 2 years after symptoms appear
How do you prevent the spreading of bloodborne pathogens?
Safe sex, avoid contact with others’ body fluid/feces/semen, avoid sharing needles, limit sex partners, use condoms, avoid drugs that impair judgment, avoid sex with HIV carriers, get tested regularly, practice good hygiene before & after sex
Hep A
Causes liver inflammation but not disease, fecal/oral route, dark urine, light stool, fatigue, fever, jaundice….persists acutely for 21 days but effects are longer….death is rare
Hep D
Causes liver inflammation, prone to developing hepatitis and cirrhosis, sexual activity/injected drugs/needle sticks, most likely to infect those with HBV already, more severe sx, 2% mortality
