Chapter 11: Psychosocial Intervention for Sports Injuries and Ilnesses

Question 0

Reactive phases (3)

Answer 0

reaction to injury, rehabilitation, and return

Question 1

What is the Kubler-Ross model of reactions to death and dying?

Answer 1

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Question 2

Injury time

Answer 2

short-term: less than four weeks
long-term: mor than four weeks
chronic: recurring
terminating: career-ending

Question 3

What are 5 things the AT can do to provide social support?

Answer 3

be a good listener, find out what the problem is, be aware of body language, project a caring image, explain the injury to the patient, manage the stress of injury, help the athlete return to competition.

Question 4

Reaction to short term

Answer 4

injury: shock and relief
rehabilitation: impatience and optimism
return: eagerness and anticipation

Question 5

reaction to long term

Answer 5

injury: fear and anger
rehabilitation: loss of vigor, irrational thoughts, alienation
return: acknowledgement

Question 6

reaction to chronic

Answer 6

injury: anger and frustration
rehabilitation: dependence or independence and apprehension
return: confidence or skepticism

Question 7

reaction to terminating

Answer 7

injury: isolation and grief process
rehabilitation: loss of athletic identity
return: closure and renewal

Question 8

Describe stress

Answer 8

def: the positive and negative forces that can disrupt the body’s equilibrium. eustress is good, distress is bad. a psychosomatic phenomenon. acute reaction leads to secretions from adrenal gland (flight-or-fight) - adrenaline

Question 9

What is staleness? Symptoms?

Answer 9

def: attributed to emotional problems stemming from daily worries, fears, and anxieties. caused by too much training without proper rest. and long seasons with repetitive practices. bored
sx: deterioration of usual standard of performance, chronic fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite, indigestion, weight loss, and inability to sleep properly

Question 10

What is burnout? Symptoms?

Answer 10

def: syndrome related to physical and emotional exhaustion that leads to a negative self-concept, negative job or sport attitudes, and loss of concern for the feelings of others
sx: frequent headaches, gastrointestinal disturbances, sleeplessness, and chronic fatigue. - can experience feelings of depersonalization, increased emotional exhaustion, and reduced sense of accomplishment, cynicism, and a depressed mood

Question 11

The psychology of sports rehabilitation should include what 3 things?

Answer 11

rapport: relationship of mutual trust and understanding
cooperation: athlete must want to do rehabilitation
education: athlete must know what rehabilitation is

Question 12

What are some characteristics of good goal setting?

Answer 12

there should be progressive, attainable goals

set specific and measurable goals, make them positive, make them challenging but realistic, set a timetable, integrate short-, medium- and long-term goals, link the outcome to the process, internalize the goals, monitor and evaluate the goals, link sport goals to life goals

Question 13

What is meditation?

Answer 13

ability to focus on a constant mental stimulus, such as a phrase, a sound, or a single word repeated silently or audibly, or gazing steadily at some object. “don’t work at it” approach. needs a quiet environment.

Question 14

What is progressive relaxation?

Answer 14

most extensively used technique for relaxation. considered intense training in the awareness of tension and tension’s release. either reclined or seated position. each muscle group is tensed from five to seven seconds, then relaxed for twenty to thirty seconds. one repetition is often sufficient.

Question 15

What are positive and negative self-talk?

Answer 15

positive: “i was hurt and now i am doing my best to get well”
negative: “why me? why did i have to get hurt?” - can cause anxiety, anger, and depression.

Question 16

What are healing images? Examples?

Answer 16

use of the sense to create or re-create an experience in the mind. includes visual rehearsal, emotive imagery rehearsal, and body rehearsal. allows athlete to gain confidence and find ways to overcome problems. we should educate the patient, but only to the amount of knowledge that they require

Question 17

What are tension reduction, attention diversion, and altering the pain sensation?

Answer 17

techniques for coping with pain -

tension reduction: pain can be associated with general muscular tension stemming from anxiety or from the pain-spasm-pain cycle. increased muscle tension results in increased sensation of pain
attention diversion: divert attention to decrease pain perception. engage in mental problem solving or fantasizing about something pleasant
altering the pain: imagination can affect pain. negative can cause illness, stress, and muscular tension. positive can produce wellness and counteract stress.

Question 18

“Unipolar” is also known as what? What are bipolar and seasonal affective disorder?

Answer 18

aka depression: a disease in which an individual experiences helplessness and misery, loss of energy, excessive guilt, dimished ability to think, changes in eating/sleeping habits, and recurrent thoughts of death.

bipolar depression goes from exaggerated feelings of happiness and great energy to extreme states of maniac depression. treatment to include psychotherapy and antidepressant medication

seasonal affective disorder: aka SAD. mental depression related to a certain season of the year. often in the winter. include fatigue, diminished concentration, and daytime drowsiness. four times more common in women than in men. treated with light therapy, stress management, and antidepressants, and exercise

Question 19

What are the two types of anxiety disorder?

Answer 19

panic attacks: unexpected and unprovoked emotionally intense experience of terror and fear

phobia: persistent and irrational fear of a specific situation, activity, or object that creates an intense desire to avoid the feared stimulus.

Question 20

What are some common personality disorder?

Answer 20

paranoia: having unrealistic and unfounded suspicions about specific people or things
OCD: recurrent, inappropriate thoughts, feelings, impulses, or images arising from within that a person cannot ignore.
post traumatic stress: individuals who suffer a psychologically traumatic event and who may re-experience this event through nightmares or an exaggerated startle response.