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Biology 1406-03 > Chapter 7: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis converts solar energy into

A

chemical energy

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2
Q

photosynthesis directly and indirectly

A

sustains the entire living world

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3
Q

autotrophs produce

A

organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules

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4
Q

photoautotrophs use

A

energy of sunlight to make organic molecules

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5
Q

chemotrophs convert

A

inorganic molecules into organic molecules

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6
Q

heterotrophs are the

A

consumers

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7
Q

almost all heterotrophs depend on _______ for _____ and ____

A
  • phototrophs
  • food
  • O2
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8
Q

the mesophyll is the

A

photosynthetic part of leaves

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9
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through the

A

stoma

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10
Q

the chloroplast is an organelle where

A

photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

chloroplasts are mainly found in

A

mesophyll tissue

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12
Q

what is the grana?

A

stacks of flattened thylakoid membrane

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13
Q

what is the stroma?

A

a semi-liquid surrounding thylakoid membranes

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14
Q

what is the thylakoid?

A

internal membrane of grana

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15
Q

what forms the grana?

A

the inner membrane of the chloroplasts

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16
Q

what is the photosynthetic equation?

A

6CO2+12H2O+Light Energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O`

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17
Q

the chemical process of photosynthesis is the reverse of

A

cellular respiration

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18
Q

cells need oxygen to

A

oxidize organic molecules

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19
Q

plants make….

A
  • cellulose (structure)
  • protein in small amounts
  • lipids
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20
Q

chloroplasts split H2O into

A

hydrogen and oxygen

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21
Q

electrons of hydrogen transfer to

A

sugar molecules

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22
Q

redox is a

A

oxidation reduction reaction

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23
Q

oxidation is…

A

the loss of an electron

think breaking down

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24
Q

reduction is…

A

the gain of an electron

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25
Q

photosynthesis is a

A

redox process

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26
Q

in a redox process H2O is ______ and CO2 is ______.

A
  • oxidized

- reduced

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27
Q

photosynthesis is a ______ process, with energy provided by….

A

endergonic

light

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28
Q

in photosynthesis which reactant becomes reduced?

A

CO2

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29
Q

in photosynthesis which reactant becomes oxidized?

A

H2O

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30
Q

light reactions happen in the

A

thylakoids

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31
Q

explain what light reactions do

A
  • split H2O
  • release O2
  • reduce NADP+ to NADPH
  • generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation
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32
Q

the calvin cycle is found in the

A

stoma

33
Q

the calvin cycle forms _____ from _____ using ____ and ____.

A

sugar

CO2

ATP and NADPH

34
Q

the carbon cycle begins with

A

carbon fixation

35
Q

what is carbon fixation?

A

incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate

36
Q

chloroplasts can be described as

A

solar-powered chemical factories

37
Q

thylakoids transform light energy into the chemical energy of

A

ATP and NADPH

38
Q

ATP and NADPH powers the synthesis of

A

carbohydrates

39
Q

light can be defined as

A

electromagnetic waves that travel in rhythmic waves

40
Q

wavelength is

A

the distance between crests of waves

41
Q

light consists of discrete particles called

A

photons

42
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

the entire range of electromagnetic energy

43
Q

pigments are

A

molecules that absorb visible light

44
Q

wavelengths that are not absorbed are

A

reflected or transmitted

45
Q

the absorption spectrum is a

A

plot of pigments light absorption vs. wavelength

46
Q

in chlorophyll a what light works best for photosynthesis?

A

a violet blue or red

47
Q

plants reflect which colors

A

green and yellow

48
Q

chlorophyll a is…

A

the main photosynthetic pigment

49
Q

chlorophyll b is…

A

an accessory pigment that broadens the spectrum used for photosynthesis

50
Q

carotenoids are…

A

accessory pigments that absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

51
Q

what is a photosystem?

A

a reaction center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

52
Q

what are light-harvesting complexes?

A

they are pigment molecules that transfer energy of photons to the reaction center

53
Q

what are the two types of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane?

A

PS II

PS I

54
Q

photosystem II…

A

functions first was the second to be discovered

55
Q

PS I…

A

function second

56
Q

the calvin cycle is a ______ reaction

A

anabolic

57
Q

linear electron flow involves both _______ and produces _____ and _____ using light energy

A

photosystems

ATP

NADPH

58
Q

chemiosmosis is the

A

diffusion of H+

59
Q

both chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by

A

chemiosmosis

60
Q

chloroplasts transform _____ energy to _____ energy of ATP producing _____.

A

light

chemical

glucose

61
Q

mitochondria transfer ______ energy from food and produce ______.

A

chemical

ATP

62
Q

polar molecules in high [ ] will ALWAYS attract

A

H2O

63
Q

oxygen is released through what part of the plant?

A

the stomata

64
Q

ATP and NADPH are both produced where in the plant?

A

the stroma side

65
Q

light reactions generate ATP and raise the potential energy of electrons by

A

moving them from H2O to NADP to produce NADPH

66
Q

the calvin cycle reduces CO2 to

A

sugar

67
Q

carbon enter the cavin cycle as CO2 and leaves as

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

68
Q

3 turns of the calvin cycle fixes 3 molecules of CO2 to synthesize

A

1 G3P

69
Q

the 3 phases of the carbon cycle are

A
  1. carbon fixation
  2. reduction
  3. regeneration of CO2 receptor (RuBP)
70
Q

rubisco is the most important/ abundant…

A

enzyme that grabs CO2 from the atmosphere and binds it to RuBP

71
Q

shorter wavelength produce

A

higher energy

72
Q

longer wavelengths produce

A

lower energy

73
Q

photorespiration consumes _________ and releases _______

A

O2 and organic fuel

CO2

74
Q

photorespiration does not produce

A

ATP or sugar

75
Q

chloroplasts supply chemical energy and carbon skeletons to synthesize

A

organic molecules of cells

76
Q

plants store excess sugar as

A

starch

77
Q

besides food production photosynthesis produces…

A

O2 of our atmosphere

78
Q

name 4 other organisms besides plants that can carry out photosynthesis

A
  1. multicellular alga
  2. unicellular eukaryotes
  3. cyanobacteria
  4. purple sulfur bacteria
79
Q

stomata is a

A

collection of pores

Biology 1406-03 (10 decks)

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