Chapter 1: Exploring Life Flashcards
What are the properties of life?
Life consists of order, reproduction, growth/development, energy processing, regulation, response to environment, evolutionary adaptation
How do biologists and taxonomists arrange the diversity of life?
Life is arranged into three domains; Domain bacteria,
Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya
What are the subcategories of the domain Eukarya?
various protists & kingdoms fungi, plantae, animalia
What is the order of life’s hierarchy of organization?
biosphere > ecosystem > community > population > organism > organ system > organs > tissue > cells > organelles > molecule
What is science?
A way of knowing, using observations, hypothesis, predictions, test, and data analysis.
In what ways can a hypothesis be tested?
controlled experiments and observational data.
How are biology, technology, and society connected?
Technological advancements derive from scientific research, and research benefits from new technological advancements
What are the five themes of biology?
evolution, DNA (info), structure and function, interactions, energy and matter
Which theme is at the core of biology?
Evolution
How do humans affect evolution?
artificial and natural selection
What are emergent properties?
the result of interactions between the components of a system
The species of bacteria residing on your skin make up?
a) an ecosystem
b) a community
c) a population
D) the biosphere
b) a community
Which of these is NOT a property of all living organisms?
a) capable of reproduction
b) uses energy
c) composed of multiple cells
d) responds to the environment
c) composed of multiple cells
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?
a) theories are hypotheses that have been proven
b) hypothesis usually are narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power
c) hypotheses are tentative guesses; theories are correct answers to questions about nature
d) hypotheses and theories are different terms for essentially the same thing in science
b) hypothesis usually are narrow in scope; theories have a broad explanatory power
Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all living organisms?
a) structure correlated with function
b) DNA and a common genetic code
c) emergent properties
d) natural selection
b) DNA and a common genetic code
A controlled experiment is one that?
a) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results
b) keeps all variables constant
c) is repeated many times to make sure results are accurate
d) tests experimental and control groups in parallel
d) tests experimental and control groups in parallel
Which of the following is a TRUE statement of observational data?
a) It is always qualitative, Not quantitative
b) it is used to form hypotheses, but not to test them
c) it can include comparisons of fossils as well as DNA sequences
d) it is the type of data used for the independent variable in a controlled experiment.
c) it can include comparisons of fossils as well as DNA sequences
A biologist studying interactions among the bacteria in an ecosystem could NOT be working at which level in life’s hierarchy?
a) population level
b) molecular level
c) organism level
d) organ level
c) organ level
Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?
a) if I generate a testable hypothesis, my experiments will support it
b) if my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis
c) if my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis
d) if my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results
d) if my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results
What are the similarities of energy and matter in an ecosystem?
- energy and matter are both passed from producers > consumers > decomposers
- energy enters as sunlight and leaves as heat
- chemicals (matter) recycled from the soil/atmosphere through producers, consumers, and decomposers, and are then absorbed through the soil, air, or water
How do heritable variations play a role in Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
proportions of heritable variations will change with the reproductive success of individuals in a changing environment
What is a hypothesis, how does it differ from a scientific theory?
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a set of observations. A good hypothesis is testable. A scientific theory is an explanation of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence. Theories have been tested over many years through varying experiments; however, these experiments have not been contradictory
What is the difference between technology and science?
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge.
Solar power to run a home comes from the knowledge that solar power can be converted into other forms of energy
What are cells?
smallest structural/functional units of life
cells must have what three things?
an enclosed membrane
DNA use
Ribosomes
What does evolution account for?
unity and diversity of life
What is natural selection?
a mechanism for evolution
The scientific procces…
searches to prove leading to access of new knowledge
What is inductive reasoning?
to draw general conclusions from observations
What is deductive reasoning?
using general premises to predict specific results
Domain bacteria is…
the most diverse and widespread of the prokaryotes
bacteria is usually…
single-celled
has peptidoglycan- protective cell wall
Domain archaea are…
prokaryotes that live in Earth’s extreme environments
archaea are usually…
single-celled
do not have a peptidoglycan- protective cell wall
Domain Eukarya…
have eukaryotic cells
eukarya are usually….
single celled protists
multicellular fungi, plants, animals
what is reproduction?
organism’s ability to reproduce their own kind
What is growth and development?
consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA
growth and development includes
metamorphic stages
growing in reproductive maturity
energy processing is…
the use of chemical energy to power an organism’s activities and chemical reactions
What is regulation?
the ability to control internal environment within limits that support life (homeostasis)
response to environment is…
ability to respond to environmental stimuli
response to environment includes…
fighting predators
protecting offspring
finding food
evolutionary adaptation is…
individuals with traits best suited to their environment have greater reproductive success, passing traits to offspring
change =
adaptation
emergent properties are NOT
a property of evolution
emergent properties arise…
- as a function of combined component parts
- with each upward step in the hierarchy of life
emergent properties are…
a result of evolution
