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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 - Observation & Discovery / Diagnosis & Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Observation & Discovery / Diagnosis & Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acidemia

A

acid / emia

acid / blood condition

abnormal acidity of the blood

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2
Q

alkalemia

A

alkal / emia

alkali / blood condition

abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

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3
Q

calciuria

A

calci / uria

calcium / urine condition

calcium in the urine

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4
Q

chloremia

A

chlor / emia

chlorine / bood condition

chlorine in the blood

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5
Q

euglycemia

A

eu / glyc / emia

good / sugar / blood condition

good blood sugar

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6
Q

glucosuria

A

glucos / uria

sugar / urine condition

sugar in the urine

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7
Q

hypercalcemia

A

hyper / calc / emia

over / calcium / blood condition

excessive calcium in the blood

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8
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

hyper / cholesterol / emia

excessive / cholesterol / blood condition

excessive cholesterol in the blood

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9
Q

hyperglycemia

A

hyper / glyc / emia

excessive / sugar / blood condition

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10
Q

hyperkalemia

A

hyper / kal / emia

over / potassium / blood condition

excessive potassium in the blood

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11
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

hyper / lipid / emia

excessive / fat / blood condition

excessive fat in the blood

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12
Q

hypernatremia

A

hyper / natr / emia

excessive / salt / blood condition

excessive salt in the blood

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13
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

hyper / phosphat / emia

excessive / phosphate / blood condition

excessive phosphate in the blood

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14
Q

hypoglycemia

A

hypo / glyc / emia

under / sugar / blood condition

low blood sugar

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15
Q

ketonuria

A

keton / uria

ketone / urine condition

ketone bodies in the urine

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16
Q

polyuria

A

poly / uria

excessive / urine condition

excessive urination

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17
Q

uremia

A

ur / emia

unrine / blood condition

presence of urinary waste in the blood

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18
Q

adrenaline

A

ad / renal / ine

on / kidney / chemical

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19
Q

epinephrine

A

epi / nephr / ine

upon / kidney / chemical

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

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20
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

adreno / cortico / trop / ic

adrenal / cortex / stimulating / pertaining to

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland

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21
Q

corticotropin

A

cortico/ tropin

cortex / stimulating

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

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22
Q

glucagon

A

gluc / agon

sugar / lead

hormone secreted by the pancreas that simulates the liver in increase blood sugar levels

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23
Q

glucocorticoid

A

gluco / cortic / oid

sugar / cortex / resembling

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

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24
Q

gonadotropin

A

gonado / tropin

gonad / stimulating

hormone that stimulates the gonads

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25
Q

insulin

A

insul / in

island / chemical

hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

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26
Q

thyrotropin

A

thyro / tropin

throid / stimulating

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

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27
Q

adenomegaly

A

adeno / megaly

gland / enlargement

abnormal enlargement of a gland

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28
Q

adrenomegaly

A

adreno / megaly

adrenal / enlargement

abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland

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29
Q

euthyroid

A

eu / thyroid

good / thyroid

normal functioning thyriod

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30
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

gluco / neo / genesis

sugar / new / formation

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

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31
Q

glycolysis

A

glyco / lysis

sugar / loosen

breakdown of sugar

32
Q

glycopenia

A

glyco / penia

sugar / deficiency

deficiency of sugar

33
Q

gonadogenesis

A

gonado / genesis

gonad / formation

creation/development of gonads

34
Q

metabolism

A

meta / bol / ism

over / throw / condition

breakdown of matter into energy

35
Q

endocrine

A

endo / crine

inside / secrection

to secrete internally (i.e. into the bloodstream)

36
Q

endocrinologist

A

endo / crino / logist

inside / secretion / specialist

specialist in internal secretions

37
Q

exocrine

A

exo / crine

outside / secretion

to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ, i.e. sweat glands and salivary glands)

38
Q

glycemic index

A

glyc / em / ic

sugar / blood / pertaining to

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

39
Q

ketogenesis

A

keto / genesis

ketone / creation

creation of ketone bodies

40
Q

adenitis

A

aden / itis

gland / inflammation

inflammation of a gland

41
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

adeno / carcin / oma

gland / cancer / tumor

cancerous tumor of a gland

42
Q

adenoma

A

aden / oma

gland / tumor

glandular tumor

43
Q

adenopathy

A

adeno / pathy

gland / disease

gland disease

44
Q

adenosis

A

aden / osis

gland / condition

gland condition

45
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

dys / metabolic syn / drome

bad / metabolism together / running

combination of medical disorders associated w/ faulty metabolism

46
Q

ketosis

A

ket / osis

ketone body / condition

condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

47
Q

polyadenopathy

A

poly / adeno / pathy

many / gland / disease

disease involving many glands

48
Q

thymoma

A

thym / oma

thyroid / tumor

tumor of the thyroid

49
Q

adrenal adenoma

A

adrenal aden / oma

adrenal gland / tumor

tumor of the adrenal gland

50
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

adrenal in / sufficiency

adrenal not / adequate

condition in which the adrenal glands under-produce necessary hormones

51
Q

adrenalitis

A

adrenal / itis

adrenal / inflammation

inflammation of the adrenal gland

52
Q

adrenocortical carcinoma

A

adreno / cortic / al carcin / oma

adrenal / cortex / pertaining to cancer / tumor

cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland

53
Q

adrenocortical insufficiency

A

adreno / cortic / al in / sufficiency

adrenal / cortex / pertaining to not / adequate

condition in which the adrenal cortex under-produces necessary hormones

54
Q

adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

adreno / cortico / hyper / plasia

adrenal / cortex / over / formation

over-development of the cortex of the adrenal gland

55
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

con / genit / al adrenal hyper / plasia

with / birth / pertaining to adrenal over / formation

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

56
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes mellitus

pass through honey

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

57
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

diabet / ic keto / acid / osis

diabetes / pertaining to ketone / acid / condition

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy

58
Q

insulinoma

A

insulin / oma

insulin / tumor

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

59
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

pancreat / ic pseudo / cyst

pancreas / pertaining to false / cyst

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

60
Q

pancreatitis

A

pancreat / itis

pancreas / inflammation

inflammation of the pancreas

61
Q

pancreatolith

A

pancreato/ lith

pancreas / stone

stone in the pancreas

62
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

pancreato / lith / iasis

pancreas / stone / presence

presence of a stone in the pancreas

63
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

hyper / pituitar / ism

over / pituitary / condition

overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

64
Q

hypophysitis

A

hypophys / itis

pituitary / inflammation

inflammation of the pituitary gland

65
Q

hypopituitarism

A

hypo / pituitar / ism

under / pituitary / condition

condition caused by the under-secretion of the pituitary gland

66
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

pan / hypo / pituitar / ism

all / under / pituitary / condition

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

67
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary aden / oma

pituitary gland / tumor

tumor on the pituitary gland

68
Q

pituitary infarction

A

pituitary in / frac / tion

pituitary in / stuff / condition

death of the pituitary gland

69
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

hyper / para / thyroid / ism

over / beside / thyroid / condition

overproduction by the parathyroid glands

70
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

hyper / thyroid / ism

over / thyroid / condition

overproduction by the thyroid

71
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

hypo / para / thyroid / ism

under / beside / thyroid / condition

underproduction by the parathyroid

72
Q

hypothyroidism

A

hypo / thyroid / ism

under / thyroid / condition

underproduction by the thyroid

73
Q

parathyroidoma

A

para / thyroid / oma

beside / thyroid / tumor

tumor / of the parathyroid

74
Q

thyroiditis

A

thyroid / itis

thyroid / inflammation

inflammation of the thyroid

75
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

thyro / toxic / osis

thyroid / poison / condition

condition caused by the exposure of the body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as “thyroid storm.”)

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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