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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Observation & Discovery / Diagnosis & Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Observation & Discovery / Diagnosis & Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebral angiography

A

cerebr / al angio / graphy

brain / pertaining to vessel / writing procedure

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

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2
Q

echoencephalography

A

echo / encephalo / graphy

echo / brain / writing procedure

procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

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3
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

electro / encephalo / graphy

electricity / brain / writing procedure

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

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4
Q

encephalography

A

encephalo / graphy

brain / writing procedure

procedure for studying the brain

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5
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

lumb / ar puncture

lower back / pertaining to

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid commonly called a “spinal tap”

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6
Q

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

angio / graphy

vessel / writing procedure

procedure used to examine blood vessels

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7
Q

myelogram

A

myelo / gram

spinal cord / record

image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray

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8
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

e / mission tomo / graphy

out / send cut / writing procedure

an imaging procedure that uses radiation (position) to produce cross sections of the brain

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9
Q

transcranial doppler sonography

A

trans / cranial doppler sono/ graphy

through / skull doppler sound/ writing procedure

an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull

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10
Q

cerebellistis

A

cerebell / itis

cerebellum / inflammation

inflammation of the cerebellum

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11
Q

cerebral atrophy

A

cerebr / al a / trophy

brain / pertaining to no / nourishment

wasting away of brain tissue

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12
Q

duritis

A

dur / itis

dura / inflammation

inflammation of the dura

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13
Q

encephalocele

A

encephalo / cele

brain / hernia

hernia of the brain (normally a defect in the skull)

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14
Q

hematoma

A

hema / toma

blood / tumor

a tumor-like mass made up of blood

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15
Q

cranial hematoma

A

crani / al hemat / oma

brain / pertaining to blood / tumor

a hematoma beneath the skull

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16
Q

epidural hematoma

A

epi / dur / al hemat / oma

upon / dura / pertaining to blood / tumor

a hematoma located on top of the dura

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17
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

intra / cerebr / al hemat / oma

inside / brain / pertaining to blood / tumor

a hematoma located in the brain

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18
Q

subdural hematoma

A

sub / dur / al hemat / oma

beneath / dura / pertaining to blood / tumor

a hematoma located beneath the dura

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19
Q

macrocephaly

A

macro / cephal / y

large / brain / condition

abnormally large head

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20
Q

microcephaly

A

micro / cephal / y

small / brain / condition

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21
Q

meningocele

A

meningo / cele

meninges / hernia

a hernia of the meninges

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22
Q

myelocele

A

myelo/ cele

spinal cord / hernia

a hernia of the spinal cord

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23
Q

myelomalacia

A

myelo / malacia

spinal cord / softening

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

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24
Q

myelomeningocele

A

myelo/ meningo / cele

spinal cord / meninges / hernia

a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

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25
Q

neuritis

A

neur / itis

nerve / inflammation

nerve inflammation

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26
Q

neuroma

A

neur / oma

nerve / tumor

a nerve tumor

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27
Q

neurosclerosis

A

neuro / scler / osis

nerve / hardening / condition

hardening of nerves

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28
Q

polyneuritis

A

poly / neur / itis

many / nerve / inflammation

inflammation of multiple nerves

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29
Q

agnosia

A

a / gnos / ia

not / knowledge / condition

inability to comprehend

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30
Q

apathy

A

a / path / y

no / suffering / condition

lack of emotion

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31
Q

atopognosis

A

a / topo / gnosis

no / place / knowledge

inability to locate a sensation

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32
Q

hyperkinesia

A

hyper / kinesia

over / movement

increased in muscle movement or activity

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33
Q

neurasthenia

A

neur / asthenia

nerve / weakness

nerve weakness

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34
Q

neuroglycopenia

A

neuro / glyco / penia

nerve / sugar / deficiency

deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

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35
Q

nystagmus

A

Greek for nod

involuntary back and forth eye movement

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36
Q

prosopagnosia

A

prosop / a / gnos / ia

face / no / knowledge / condition

inability to recognize faces

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37
Q

anesthesiologist

A

an / estesio / logist

no / sensation / specialist

doctor who specializes in anethesiology

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38
Q

afferent nerve

A

af / ferent nerve

toward / carry

a verve the carries impulses toward the central nervous system

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39
Q

efferent nerve

A

ef / ferent nerve

away / carry

a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

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40
Q

neurogenic

A

neuro / gen / ic

nerve / creation / pertaining to

originating from/created by nerves

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41
Q

psychogenic

A

psycho / gen / ic

mind / creation / pertaining to

originating in/ created by the mind

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42
Q

psychiatrist

A

psych / iartist

mind / specialist

doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind

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43
Q

psychiatry

A

psych / iatry

mind / specialty

branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

44
Q

psychologist

A

psycho / logist

mind / specialist

doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

45
Q

psychology

A

psycho / logy

mind / study

branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

46
Q

psychosomatic

A

psycho / somat / ic

mind / body / pertaining to

pertaining to the relationship b/t the body and the mind

47
Q

idiopathic

A

idio / path / ic

private / disease / pertaining to

having no known cause or origin

48
Q

interictal

A

inter / ictal

between / seizure

time b/t seizures

49
Q

postictal

A

post / ictal

after / seizure

time after a seizure

50
Q

preictal

A

pre / ictal

before / seisure

time before a seizure

51
Q

tonic

A

ton / ic

muscle / pertaining to

pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive)

52
Q

clonus

A

Greek for violent

muscle spasm or twitching

53
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

ton / ic clon / ic

muscle / pertaining to spasm / pertaining to

a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase

54
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

cerebro / vascul / ar

brain / blood vessel / pertaining to

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

55
Q

stroke

A

stroke

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

56
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

hemo / rrhag / ic

blood / excessive bleeding / pertaining to

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

57
Q

ischemic stroke

A

isch / em / ic

hold back / blood / pertaining to

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

58
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

trans / ient isch/ em / ic

across / go hold back / blood / pertaining to

a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hrs.

59
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

cerebro / vascul / ar

brain / blood vessel / pertaining to

a disease of the blood vessels of the brain

60
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

cerebr / al an / eury / sm

brain / pertaining to out / wide / condition

the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

61
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

cerebr / al arterio / scler / osis

brain / pertaining to artery / hardening / condition

the hardening of an artery in the brain

62
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

cerebr / al athero/ scler / osis

brain / pertaining to fatty / hardening / condition

the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque

63
Q

cerebral embolism

A

cerebr / al embol / ism

brain / pertaining to stopper / condition

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat of bacteria

64
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

cerebr / al thromb/ osis

brain / pertaining to clot / condition

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot

65
Q

craniomalacia

A

cranio / malacia

skull / softening

abnormal softening of the skull

66
Q

craniosclerosis

A

cranio / scler / osis

skull / hardening / condition

abnormal hardening of the skull

67
Q

craniostenosis

A

cranio / sten / osis

skull / narrow / condition

abnormal narrowing of the skull

68
Q

craniosynostosis

A

cranio / syn / ost / osis

skull / together / bone / condition

premature fusing of the skull bone

69
Q

hydrocephaly

A

hydro / cephal / y

water / head / condition

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

70
Q

cerebellitis

A

cerebell / itis

cerebellum / inflammation

inflammation of the cerebellu

71
Q

cerebromeningitis

A

cerebro / mening/ itis

brain / meninges / inflammation

inflammation of the brain and meninges

72
Q

encephalitis

A

encephal / itis

brain / inflammation

inflammation of the brain

73
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

encephalo / myel / itis

brain / spinal cord / inflammation

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

74
Q

encephalomyeloneuropathy

A

encephalo / myelo / neuro / pathy

brain / spinal cord / nerve / disease

disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

75
Q

encephalopathy

A

encephalo / pathy

brain / disease

disease of the brain

76
Q

encephalopyosis

A

encephalo / py / osis

brain / pus / condition

a pus-filled abscess in the brain

77
Q

gangliitis

A

gangli / itis

ganglion / inflammation

inflammation of a ganglion

78
Q

ganglioma

A

gangli / oma

ganglion / tumor

ganglion tumor

79
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

intra / cerebr / al hemo / rrhage

inside / brain / pertaining to blood / excessive bleeding

excessive bleeding inside the brain

80
Q

meningopathy

A

meningo / pathy

meninges / disease

disease of the meninges

81
Q

meningioma

A

meningi / oma

meninges / tumor

tumor of the meninges

82
Q

meningoencephalitis

A

meningo / encephal / itis

meninges / brain / inflammation

inflammation of the meninges and brain

83
Q

myelitis

A

myel / itis

spinal cord / inflammation

inflammation of the spinal cord

84
Q

myeldysplasia

A

myel / dys / plas / ia

spinal cord / bad / formation / condition

defective formation of the spinal cord

85
Q

myelopathy

A

myelo / pathy

spinal cord / disease

disease of the spinal cord

86
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

neuro / arthro / pathy

nerve / joint / disease

disease of the joint associated with nerves

87
Q

neuropathy

A

neuro / pathy

nerve / disease

disease of the nervous system

88
Q

poliomyelitis

A

polio / myel / itis

gray / spinal cord / inflammation

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

89
Q

polyneuropathy

A

poly / neuro / pathy

many / nerve / disease

disease affecting multiple nerves

90
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

a / myo / troph / ic lateral scler / osis

not / muscle / nourishment / pertaining to side hardening / condition

a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control

*Literally , the hardening (sclerosis) of the nerve cells on the sides (lateral) of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue for disuse

91
Q

anorexia

A

an /orex / ia

no / appetite / condition

an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s refusal to eat

92
Q

autism

A

aut / ism

self / condition

a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self

93
Q

bulimia

A

bu / lim / ia

ox / hunger / condition

an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting

94
Q

cerebral palsy

A

cerebr / al palsy

brain / pertaining to paralysis

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement

*palsy is a less common word for paralysis

95
Q

dysphoria

A

dys / phor / ia

bad / carry / condition

a negative emotional state

96
Q

euphoria

A

eu / phor / ia

good / carry / condition

a positive emotional state

97
Q

epilepsy

A

epi / lepsy

upon / seize

a dsease marked by seizure

98
Q

hypomania

A

hypo / mania

under / excessive anger

a mental state just below mania

99
Q

manic depression (dipolar)

A

manic depression

excitement depression

a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression

100
Q

myasthenia

A

my / asthenia

muscle / weakness

muscle weakness

101
Q

narcolepsy

A

narco / lepsy

sleep / seize

a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness

102
Q

neurosis

A

neur / osis

nerve / condition

a nerve condition

103
Q

psychosis

A

psych / osis

mind / condition

a mind condition

*both neurosis and psychosis are general terms of psychiatric conditions but a neurosis doesn’t interfere with rational thought or daily functioning; a psychosis involves some sort of break with reality

104
Q

psychopathy

A

psycho / pathy

mind / disease

a mental illness

105
Q

schizophrenia

A

schizo / phren / ia

divide / mind / condition

a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations and disordered speech

  • Schizo refers to the division in the mind b/t the mind itself and reality, not the division of the mind into multiple personalities

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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