Chapter 7 - Life Span Development

Question 1

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

Answer 1

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Question 2

The areas of the infant’s skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

Answer 2

fontanelles

Question 3

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

Answer 3

shrinkage of the brain.

Question 4

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

Answer 4

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

Question 5

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

Answer 5

19 & 25 years.

Question 6

What is normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

Answer 6

90 & 140 mm Hg.

Question 7

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

Answer 7

12-20 breaths/min

Question 8

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

Answer 8

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

Question 9

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

Answer 9

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

Question 10

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.

Answer 10

Normal

Question 11

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

Answer 11

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage every day financial demands.

Question 12

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

Answer 12

70 beats/min.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient’s vital signs?

Answer 13

Increased weight

Question 14

An infant’s blood pressure typically increases with age because:

Answer 14

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Answer 15

Secondary sexual development begins.

Question 16

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.

Answer 16

the blockage of a coronary artery

Question 17

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

Answer 17

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Question 18

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

Answer 18

1-3 years

Question 19

In preconventional reasoning, children:

Answer 19

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

Question 20

Older adults frequently ___________.

Answer 20

take multiple medications

Question 21

_________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making.

A. Young adulthood
B. Adolescence
C. School age
D. Preschool age

Answer 21

C. School age

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life.
C. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children.
D.Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

Answer 22

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

Question 23

Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________.

A. brain injury
B. forgetfulness
C. loss of motor control
D. dementia

Answer 23

A. brain injury

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

A.Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
B. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly.
C. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age.
D. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person’s level of intelligence decreases with age.

Answer 24

A.Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Question 25

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

A. 60 to 100 beats/min.
B. 70 to 120 beats/min.
C. 90 to 140 beats/min.
D. 00 to 150 beats/min.

Answer 25

B. 70 to 120 beats/min.

Question 26

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:

A. becomes acutely anxious in the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings.
B. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted.
C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
D. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.

Answer 26

C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

Question 27

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries.
C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily.
D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

Answer 27

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

Question 28

Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________.

A. early adulthood
B. school age
C. adolescence
D. middle adulthood

Answer 28

C. adolescence

Question 29

High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________.

A. school age
B. young adulthood
C. middle adulthood
D. adolescence

Answer 29

D. adolescence

Question 30

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s.
C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years.
D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

Answer 30

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Question 31

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who:

A. provides an organized, routine environment.
B. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger.
C. frequently changes the infant or toddler’s regular routine.
D. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.

Answer 31

A. provides an organized, routine environment.

Question 32

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

A. 68, 100
B. 70, 102
C. 72, 110
D. 78, 120

Answer 32

D. 78, 120

Question 33

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.
B. surface area of the alveoli increases.
C. overall size of the airway decreases.
D. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

Answer 33

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Question 34

What is the normal pulse rate for an infant?

A. 80–100 beats per minute
B. 100–160 beats per minute
C. 60–80 beats per minute
D. 160–200 beats per minute

Answer 34

B. 100–160 beats per minute

Question 35

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

60 mm Hg.
70 mm Hg.
80 mm Hg.
90 mm Hg.

Answer 35

90 mm Hg.

Question 36

Which of the following statements regarding an infant’s vital signs is correct?
Select one:
A. An infant’s normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month.
B. By six months of age, an infant’s normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg.
C. An infant’s heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min.
D. An infant’s normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler’s normal body temperature.

Answer 36

D. An infant’s normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler’s normal body temperature.

Question 37

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she:
Select one:
A. is unable to track your movements with her eyes.
B. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.
C. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
D. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.

Answer 37

C. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

Question 38

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?
Select one:
A. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently
B. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
C. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions
D. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

Answer 38

B. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up