Chapter 26 - [additional] Bleeding

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?
A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. Venules
D. Plasma

Answer 1

B. Lungs

Question 2

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:
A. the removal of adequate amounts of carbon dioxide during exhalation.
B. the intake of adequate amounts of oxygen during the inhalation phase.
C. circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.
D. the production of carbon dioxide, which accumulates at the cellular level.

Answer 2

C. circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.

Question 3

A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority?
A. Widespread abrasions to the back with pinkish ooze
B. 3-inch laceration to the forehead with dark red, flowing blood
C. Laceration to the forearm with obvious debris in the wound
D. 1-inch laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

Answer 3

D. 1-inch laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

Question 4

Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding?
A. BP, 140/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations, 8 breaths/min
B. BP, 100/50 mm Hg; pulse rate, 120 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min
C. BP, 98/60 mm Hg; pulse rate, 110 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min
D. BP, 102/48 mm Hg; pulse rate, 100 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min

Answer 4

A. BP, 140/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations, 8 breaths/min

Question 5

When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first:
A. ensure a patent airway.
B. obtain baseline vital signs.
C. control any external bleeding.
D. take appropriate standard precautions.

Answer 5

D. take appropriate standard precautions.

Question 6

The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is:
A. a pressure bandage.
B. direct pressure and elevation.
C. a splint.
D. a tourniquet.

Answer 6

B. direct pressure and elevation.

Question 7

When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should:
A. use the narrowest bandage possible.
B. avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint.
C. cover the tourniquet with a sterile bandage.
D. use rope to ensure that the tourniquet is tight.

Answer 7

B. avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint.

Question 8

A 70-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. When you arrive, you find him leaning over a basin, which contains an impressive amount of blood. He has a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and migraine headaches. His BP is 180/100 and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his nosebleed?
A. His blood pressure
B. His history of diabetes
C. Thefactthatheiselderly
D. Hisheartrateof100beats/min

Answer 8

A. His blood pressure

Question 9

When caring for a patient with severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to:
A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and lean the patient back.
B. tilt the patient’s head forward while he or she is leaning forward.
C. place the patient supine with his or her head in the flexed position.
D. tilt the patient’s head forward while he or she is leaning backward.

Answer 9

B. tilt the patient’s head forward while he or she is leaning forward.

Question 10

Controlling internal bleeding requires:
A. applying a tourniquet.
B. surgery in a hospital.
C. positioning the patient in the sitting position.
D. providing slow and considerate transport.

Answer 10

B. surgery in a hospital.

Question 11

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:
Select one:
A.
airway obstruction.
B.
slow, shallow breathing.
C.
severe hemorrhage.
D.
capillary bleeding

Answer 11

D.
capillary bleeding

Question 12

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
Select one:
A.
The filtering of blood cells in the spleen
B.
An effectively pumping heart
C.
Adequate blood in the vasculature
D.
An intact system of blood vessels

Answer 12

A.
The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Question 13

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
Select one:
A.
preparing for immediate transport.
B.
performing a focused physical exam.
C.
applying oxygen via nasal cannula.
D.
a detailed assessment of his abdomen.

Answer 13

A.
preparing for immediate transport.

Question 14

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?
Select one:
A.
Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport.
B.
Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.
C.
Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis.
D.
Position the patient with his injured side down.

Answer 14

B.
Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.

Question 15

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Select one:
A.
ability of the blood to effectively clot.
B.
ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
C.
white blood cells’ ability to fight infection.
D.
systolic blood pressure exclusively.

Answer 15

A.
ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Question 16

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
Select one:
A.
250 mL
B.
1 L
C.
500 mL
D.
2 L

Answer 16

B.
1 L

Question 17

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
Select one:
A.
is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury.
B.
should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum.
C.
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
D.
should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze.

Answer 17

C.
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

Question 18

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient’s arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:
Select one:
A.
splint the arm and keep it below heart level.
B.
replace the dressing with another dressing.
C.
place additional dressings over the wound.
D.
apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

Answer 18

C.
place additional dressings over the wound.

Question 19

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?
Select one:
A.
6.25 L
B.
6.50 L
C.
6.0 L
D.
5.25 L

Answer 19

C.
6.0 L

Question 20

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
Select one:
A.
a rapid, thready pulse.
B.
dizziness upon standing.
C.
rapid, shallow breathing.
D.
a decreasing blood pressure.

Answer 20

B.
dizziness upon standing.

Question 21

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:
Select one:
A.
bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.
B.
the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.
C.
you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first.
D.
the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released.

Answer 21

D.
the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released.