Chapter 21 - [additional] Allergy and Anaphylaxis Flashcards
The signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction are caused by the release of:
A. histamine.
B. epinephrine.
C. leukotrienes.
D. both histamine and leukotrienes.
D. both histamine and leukotrienes.
The two chief chemicals released by the body that result in the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction are histamines and leukotrienes. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is used to treat allergic reactions. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps control metabolism.
The negative effects associated with anaphylactic shock are the result of:
A. severe internal fluid loss.
B. inadequate pumping of the heart.
C. vasodilation and bronchoconstriction.
D. the nervous system’s release of adrenaline.
C. vasodilation and bronchoconstriction.
You are called to a local baseball park for a 23-year-old man with difficulty breathing. He states that he ate a package of peanuts approximately 30 minutes ago and denies any allergies or past medical history. Your assessment reveals widespread urticaria, tachycardia, and a BP of 90/60 mm Hg. You can hear him wheezing, even without a stethoscope. You should be MOST suspicious of a(n):
A. acute asthma attack.
B. mild allergic reaction.
C. anaphylactic reaction.
D. moderate allergic reaction.
C. anaphylactic reaction.
You are treating a woman who was stung numerous times by hornets. On assessment, you note that some of the stingers are still embedded in her skin. You should:
A. leave the stingers in place.
B. scrape the stingers from her skin.
C. pull the stingers out with tweezers.
D. cover the stings with tight dressings.
B. scrape the stingers from her skin.
A young male is experiencing signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock after being stung by a scorpion. His level of consciousness is diminished, his breathing is severely labored, you can hear inspiratory stridor, and his face is cyanotic. The patient has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. What should you do first?
A. Assist him in administering his epinephrine.
B. Apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.
C. Provide ventilatory assistance with a bag-mask device.
D. Elevate his legs and cover him with a warm blanket.
C. Provide ventilatory assistance with a bag-mask device.
The MOST reliable indicator of upper airway swelling during a severe allergic reaction is:
A. stridor.
B. anxiety.
C. cyanosis.
D. wheezing.
A. stridor.
The most common trigger of anaphylaxis is:
A. plants.
B. chemicals.
C. medications.
D. food.
D. food.
When administering epinephrine by auto-injector, the EMT should hold the injector in place for:
A. 5seconds.
B. 10seconds.
C. 20 seconds.
D. 30 seconds.
B. 10seconds.
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:
Select one:
A.
15 seconds.
B.
8 seconds.
C.
3 seconds.
D.
10 seconds.
C.
3 seconds.
Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:
Select one:
A.
adrenaline and histamines.
B.
histamines and leukotrienes.
C.
leukocytes and epinephrine.
D.
the bee venom itself.
B.
histamines and leukotrienes.
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?
Select one:
A.
A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
B.
A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen
C.
A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee
D.
A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex
A.
A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:
Select one:
A.
visualize his airway to assess for oropharyngeal swelling.
B.
record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly.
C.
reassess his breathing and blood pressure in 15 minutes.
D.
notify medical control of the patient’s response to your treatment.
B.
record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly.
You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a “bad reaction” the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:
Select one:
A.
apply high-flow oxygen, obtain approval from medical control to assist him with his epinephrine, and transport.
B.
apply high-flow oxygen, apply a chemical cold pack directly to the injection site, and transport at once.
C.
assess his ABCs and vital signs in 15 minutes and allow him to drive himself to the hospital if he remains stable.
D.
apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital
D.
apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:
A.
flushing of the skin.
B.
persistent dry cough.
C.
drying of the eyes.
D.
abdominal cramps.
C.
drying of the eyes.
Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ____ minutes following exposure.
Select one:
A.
60
B.
5
C.
30
D.
90
C.
30
