Chapter 7: Learning Flashcards

1
Q

positive reinforcement

A

give something to increase behviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

learning

A

a lasting change caused by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

learning graph

A

graph showing change in preformance of a task over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

non associative learning

A

learning that does not involve forming associations between stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sensitization

A

strong stimulus results in exaggerated responses to subsequent weaker stimuli (uses interneurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

associative learning

A

learning involving associations b/w stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

classical conditioning

A

ppl/animals learn to associate previously neutral stimulus w/ unconditioned stimulus that elicits natural response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unconditioned response

A

it is any original response that occurs naturally and in the absence of conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

a neutral stimulus that is repeatedly associated (see pairing) with an unconditioned stimulus until it acquires the ability to elicit a response that it previously did not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

conditioned response

A

the learned or acquired response to a conditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

extinction

A

reduction of CR after repeated presentation of CS alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

re-emergence of CR some time after extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stimulus generalization

A

similar stimuli generate same response as CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

systematic desensitization/desensitization psychotherapy

A

condition extinction of phobia through gradual exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conditioned taste aversion

A

association b/w some food and subsequent stomach illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

operant conditioning

A

behaviour is modified depending on its consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

law of effect

A

behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated, whereas behaviors that lead to undesired outcomes are less likely to recur

19
Q

reinforcements

A

increase likelihood of repeating behaviour

20
Q

punishments

A

decrease likelihood of repeating behavior

21
Q

positive

A

consequence that is added following a behaviour

22
Q

negative

A

consequence that is removed following a behaviour

23
Q

primary reinforcers

A

intrinsically pleasurable

24
Q

secondary reinforcers

A

associated with primary reinforcers

25
schedules of reinforcement
continuous, intermittent, fixed/variable ratio schedule, fixed/variable interval schedule
26
shaping
the use of reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior
27
learned helplessness
repeated exposure to inescapable punishment produces failure to attempt to escape
28
spatial navigation learning
involves forming associations among stimuli relevant to navigation space
29
insight learning
sudden realization of solution or leap in understanding
30
observational learning
learning that occurs w/o training in response to watching others
31
long-term potentiation
form of synaptic change that involves increased activity in postsynpatic cells after strong, repetitive stimulation
32
stereotype threat
awareness of negative stereotype affects oneself to leading to worse preformance
33
dyslexia
deficiency in learning to read and write
34
dyscalculia
inability to acquire info about math
35
attention deficit disorders
inability to pay attention
36
ADHD
inability to pay attention + hyperactivity
37
Skinner's learning
when the likelihood of action is modified by its consequences in the environment consequences = rewards
38
negative reinforcement
remove something to increase behaviour (waterboarding)
39
positive punishment
a consequence you add that reduces the behaviour (spanking)
40
negative punishment
a consequence where you take away something to reduce the heavier (time out)
41
social learning theory
theory of learning process social behavior which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others Albert Bandura 1961
42
Bandura, Ross & Ross experiment
that children are able to learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning, through watching the behavior of another person
43
reinstatement
learning requires an occasional reinstatement of the CS and US