Chapter 12: Emotions Flashcards
emotion
an intrapersonal state that occurs in response to either an external or an internal event and typically involves a physiological/cognitive/behavioural component
physiological response
bodily arounsal produced by autonomic nervous system
use sympathetic if intense
cognitive response
evaluative thoughts ppl have about their emotional state + appraisal of events causing emotions
behavioural response
how you express/reveal emotions
ekman 6 fundamental emotions
anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust
sh-afds
moods
have a clear cause and are brief
cognitive function
help organize memories, prioritize needs, guide judgments
behavioural function
organize behaviours, maximize happiness/pleasure
action tendencies
emotions associated w/ predictable patterns of behaviour
social function
coordination of relationships and emotional expressiveness
James-lange theory
felt emotions results from physiological changes rather than being their cause
criticisms: separation of visceral organs from CNS does not alter behaviour, visceral changes occur in different emotions and no-emotional states, visceral changes too slow to be source of emotion, visceral are insensitive structures
cannon-bard theory
subjective experience of emotion and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs simultaneously w/ thalamus coordinating
the bodily changes occur almost simultaneously with the emotional experience. The bodily changes and emotional experience occur separately and independently of one another; physiological arousal does not have to precede emotional expression or experience
bodily response = hypothalamus
conscious feeling = thalamus and cerebral cortex
Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion
that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label
when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal.[1] This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of emotions based on the body’s physiological state. When the brain does not know why it feels an emotion it relies on external stimulation for cues on how to label the emotion.
cognitive-meditational theory of emotion
Richard lazarus
that cognitive interpretations, particularly appraisals of events are the keys to experiences of emotion
then you have the SNS arousal, behaviour, and facial expressions
facial-feedback theory of emotion
subjective experiences of emotions are influenced by sensory feedbacks from facial muscular activity or facial efference
facial efference
sensory feedbacks from facial muscular activity
basic emotions
group of emotions preprogrammed into all humans regardless of culture
joy, fear, rage, surprise, disgust, shame, anger, sadness
jarfdsss
Paul ekman
papuans expressions and ours are similar and we have no trouble identifying each other’s emotions
lewis’ cognitive theory of emotional development
most emotion can be experienced and expressed only after particular cognitive abilities developed
key milestones: ability to perceive, discriminate stimuli, recall memories, self-awareness
happy - sad
surprise - anger
fear
shame, pride, guilt
Izard’s differential emotions theory
particular emotions/set of emotions become more prominent during specific life stages as they serve stage-related developmental processes.
papez
stream fo info split by thalamus, stream of thinking cerebral cortex and stream of feeling hypothalamus
Maclean 1994
limbic system
fear and aggression in brainstem/cerebellum
leDoux
amygdala hub of fear, prefrontal cortex role in production of positive/negative emotions
emotional clarity
ability to accurately identify and distinguish one’s emotions
attention to emotions
person’s tendency to take notice of, value, focus on their emotions/mood
emotional intensity
characteristic strength with which an individual typically experiences emotions
emotional dysregulation
unhealthy attempts to regulate emotion
display rules
cultural expectations that prescribe how, when, and by whom emotions should be expressed
alexithymia
inability to identify/describe one’s emotions, confuse w/medical problems
hypervigiliance
people who attend to their emotions too much, tend to be more anxious
antisocial personality disorder
people who experience too little emotion, incapable of caring for others
borderline personality disorder
experience sever inability to regulate intense emotion
phobia
persistent + unreasonable fear of something, someone
generalized anxiety disorder
ppl feel excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances
panic attack
periodic, short bouts of panic
obsessive-compulsive disorder
behaviours are excessive or unreasonable, cause great distress, take up much time, or interfere w/daily function
depression
a persistent sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming
mania
a persistent state of euphoria or frenzied energy
unipolar depression
mood disorder only includes depression
bipolar depression
mood disorder in which periods of mania alternate w/ periods of depression
cognitive triad
patten of thinking in which ppl interpret their experiences, themselves and their futures in negative ways that lead to depression
