Chapter 12: Emotions

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

an intrapersonal state that occurs in response to either an external or an internal event and typically involves a physiological/cognitive/behavioural component

Question 2

physiological response

Answer 2

bodily arounsal produced by autonomic nervous system
use sympathetic if intense

Question 3

cognitive response

Answer 3

evaluative thoughts ppl have about their emotional state + appraisal of events causing emotions

Question 4

behavioural response

Answer 4

how you express/reveal emotions

Question 5

ekman 6 fundamental emotions

Answer 5

anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust

sh-afds

Question 6

moods

Answer 6

have a clear cause and are brief

Question 7

cognitive function

Answer 7

help organize memories, prioritize needs, guide judgments

Question 8

behavioural function

Answer 8

organize behaviours, maximize happiness/pleasure

Question 9

action tendencies

Answer 9

emotions associated w/ predictable patterns of behaviour

Question 10

social function

Answer 10

coordination of relationships and emotional expressiveness

Question 11

James-lange theory

Answer 11

felt emotions results from physiological changes rather than being their cause

criticisms: separation of visceral organs from CNS does not alter behaviour, visceral changes occur in different emotions and no-emotional states, visceral changes too slow to be source of emotion, visceral are insensitive structures

Question 12

cannon-bard theory

Answer 12

subjective experience of emotion and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs simultaneously w/ thalamus coordinating

the bodily changes occur almost simultaneously with the emotional experience. The bodily changes and emotional experience occur separately and independently of one another; physiological arousal does not have to precede emotional expression or experience

bodily response = hypothalamus
conscious feeling = thalamus and cerebral cortex

Question 13

Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 13

that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label

when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal.[1] This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of emotions based on the body’s physiological state. When the brain does not know why it feels an emotion it relies on external stimulation for cues on how to label the emotion.

Question 14

cognitive-meditational theory of emotion

Answer 14

Richard lazarus

that cognitive interpretations, particularly appraisals of events are the keys to experiences of emotion

then you have the SNS arousal, behaviour, and facial expressions

Question 15

facial-feedback theory of emotion

Answer 15

subjective experiences of emotions are influenced by sensory feedbacks from facial muscular activity or facial efference

Question 16

facial efference

Answer 16

sensory feedbacks from facial muscular activity

Question 17

basic emotions

Answer 17

group of emotions preprogrammed into all humans regardless of culture

joy, fear, rage, surprise, disgust, shame, anger, sadness

jarfdsss

Question 18

Paul ekman

Answer 18

papuans expressions and ours are similar and we have no trouble identifying each other’s emotions

Question 19

lewis’ cognitive theory of emotional development

Answer 19

most emotion can be experienced and expressed only after particular cognitive abilities developed

key milestones: ability to perceive, discriminate stimuli, recall memories, self-awareness

happy - sad
surprise - anger
fear
shame, pride, guilt

Question 20

Izard’s differential emotions theory

Answer 20

particular emotions/set of emotions become more prominent during specific life stages as they serve stage-related developmental processes.

Question 21

papez

Answer 21

stream fo info split by thalamus, stream of thinking cerebral cortex and stream of feeling hypothalamus

Question 22

Maclean 1994

Answer 22

limbic system
fear and aggression in brainstem/cerebellum

Question 23

leDoux

Answer 23

amygdala hub of fear, prefrontal cortex role in production of positive/negative emotions

Question 24

emotional clarity

Answer 24

ability to accurately identify and distinguish one’s emotions

Question 25

attention to emotions

Answer 25

person’s tendency to take notice of, value, focus on their emotions/mood

Question 26

emotional intensity

Answer 26

characteristic strength with which an individual typically experiences emotions

Question 27

emotional dysregulation

Answer 27

unhealthy attempts to regulate emotion

Question 28

display rules

Answer 28

cultural expectations that prescribe how, when, and by whom emotions should be expressed

Question 29

alexithymia

Answer 29

inability to identify/describe one’s emotions, confuse w/medical problems

Question 30

hypervigiliance

Answer 30

people who attend to their emotions too much, tend to be more anxious

Question 31

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 31

people who experience too little emotion, incapable of caring for others

Question 32

borderline personality disorder

Answer 32

experience sever inability to regulate intense emotion

Question 33

phobia

Answer 33

persistent + unreasonable fear of something, someone

Question 34

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 34

ppl feel excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances

Question 35

panic attack

Answer 35

periodic, short bouts of panic

Question 36

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 36

behaviours are excessive or unreasonable, cause great distress, take up much time, or interfere w/daily function

Question 37

depression

Answer 37

a persistent sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming

Question 38

mania

Answer 38

a persistent state of euphoria or frenzied energy

Question 39

unipolar depression

Answer 39

mood disorder only includes depression

Question 40

bipolar depression

Answer 40

mood disorder in which periods of mania alternate w/ periods of depression

Question 41

cognitive triad

Answer 41

patten of thinking in which ppl interpret their experiences, themselves and their futures in negative ways that lead to depression