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Psychology 101 > Chapter 13 & 15: Personality and Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 13 & 15: Personality and Stress Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

stress

A

state brought on by any situation that threatens or appears to threaten a person’s sense of well-being, thus challenging the individual’s ability to cope

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2
Q

stressor

A

a situation/circumstance that triggers the stress response

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3
Q

acute stress

A

short term and definite endpoint

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4
Q

chronic stress

A

long terms and lacks definite endpoint

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5
Q

frustration

A

emotion felt when thwarted in the pursuit of a goals

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6
Q

pressure

A

expectation or demand that someone act in certain way

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7
Q

conflict

A

discomfort brought about by 2+ incompatible goals/impulses

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8
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

person just choose b/w 2 equally desirable options

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9
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

person must choose b/w two equally undesirable options

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10
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

when many available choices both have good and bad qualities

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11
Q

daily hassles

A

everyday annoyances

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12
Q

life changes

A

shifts that require adjustment

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13
Q

traumatic events

A

unexpected sever events that create extreme disruptions

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14
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by lingering, persistent, frightening thoughts/memories of event/depression

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15
Q

general adaptation syndrom

A

Hans Selye 3 stage response to stress

alarm and aroused, then resistance but susceptible to diseases of adaptation, exhaustion

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16
Q

primary appraisal

A

an evaluation of a situation to determine whether it poses a threat or not

appraisal to determine how sever your stress is

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17
Q

secondary appraisal

A

appraisal of one’s personal resources and ability to cope w/ a stressor

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18
Q

type A

A

competitiveness, impatience, anger, hostility

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19
Q

type b

A

less aggressive, more relaxed, less hostile than type a

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20
Q

type c

A

difficulty in expressing or acknowledging negative feelings

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21
Q

coping

A

efforts to manage, reduce or tolerate stress

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22
Q

problem-focused

A

strategies dealing directly with stressor such as changing stressor in some way

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23
Q

emotion focused

A

strategies focused on changing one’s feelings about the stressor

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24
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A

area of study focusing on links b/w stress, immune system, health

stress slows down lymphocytes and reduces their ability to fight
norepinephrine helps slow functioning of immune system in face of high/continuing stress
cortisol lowers immune system functioning during periods of extended stress

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25
distress
stress caused by unpleasant situations or circumstances
26
eustress
optimal level of stress needed to promote physical and psychological health
27
inoculation
exposing oneself to a relatively low level of stress in a controlled situation in order to improve later performance in a more stressful situation the more complex the task the less stress is required for optimal performance
28
personality
the unique characteristics that account for the enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour
29
conscious mind
composed of the thoughts and feelings of which we are aware at any given moment
30
preconscious
contains the mental content that can easily be brought up to the conscious if attended to
31
unconscious
contains the content of our mind that we are unaware of unless circumstances
32
id
personality element representing basic instinctual drives
33
ego
personality elements that works to help satisfy the drives of id while complying w/ constraints placed on behaviour by the environment
34
superego
personality element that determines which impulses are acceptable to express openly
35
psychosexual stages
stages in development of personality labelled oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital influenced by sexuality and aggression oaplg
36
neurosis
abnormal behaviour pattern caused by unresolved conflict with ego, id, superego
37
defense mechanism
unconscious tactics by ego to protect individual from anxiety
38
repression
most basic defense mechanism of keeping unpleasant memories/thoughts buried
39
denial
process of refusing to recognize an existing situation
40
weakness of freud theories
lack of predictive power small sample size and not cross cultural
41
alfred adler
social needs/conscious thoughts more important than sexual needs/unconscious thoughts
42
carl jung
collective unconscious with shared memories or achetypes
43
karen horney
cultural influences on behaviour, basic anxiety
44
self-actualization
need for humans to fulfill their full and special potential Abraham Maslow
45
self-concept
a pattern of self-perception that remains consistent over time and characterizes someone carl rogers
46
unconditional positive regard
acceptance w/o terms or conditions carl rogers
47
personality traits
tendencies to behave in certain ways that remain relatively the same across situations
48
superfactors
fundamental dimension of personality made up of clusters of related traits
49
Raymond D. Cattell
factor analysis to find main super traits 16PF
50
Gordon Allport
4500 dictionary based words to describe personality traits
51
Hans Eysenck and factor analysis
superfactors: extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
52
five factors (OCEAN)
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism McRae abd Costa
53
situationism
behaviour is governed primarily by the variables in given situation rather than by internal traits
54
interactionism
relationship b/w person's underlying personality traits and the reinforcing aspects of situations in which they choose to put themselves in
55
phrenology
method of assessing a person's mental/moral qualities by shape of their skull
56
3 tempermants bruh
negative emotionality, positive emotionality, disinhibition versus constraint
57
social role theory
gender difference occur because boys and girls develop different behaviours and skills based largely on difference of gender role expectations
58
personality disorders
inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour that causes distress or difficulty with daily functioning
59
narcissistic peronsality disorder
high degree of self-interest and a high, often unrealistic degree of self importance
60
antisocial personality disorder
extreme and callous disregard for feelings and rights of others
61
borderline personality disorder
sever instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility
62
personality inventory
paper-pen questionnaire designed to assess aspects of personality
63
socially desirable responding
create good impression by tailoring answers
64
projective tests
personality assessment devices intended to tap a person's unconscious by presenting an ambiguous stimuli and asking them to interpret it
65

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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