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Psychology 101 > Chapter 13 & 15: Personality and Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 13 & 15: Personality and Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

stress

A

state brought on by any situation that threatens or appears to threaten a person’s sense of well-being, thus challenging the individual’s ability to cope

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2
Q

stressor

A

a situation/circumstance that triggers the stress response

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3
Q

acute stress

A

short term and definite endpoint

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4
Q

chronic stress

A

long terms and lacks definite endpoint

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5
Q

frustration

A

emotion felt when thwarted in the pursuit of a goals

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6
Q

pressure

A

expectation or demand that someone act in certain way

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7
Q

conflict

A

discomfort brought about by 2+ incompatible goals/impulses

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8
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

person just choose b/w 2 equally desirable options

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9
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

person must choose b/w two equally undesirable options

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10
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

when many available choices both have good and bad qualities

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11
Q

daily hassles

A

everyday annoyances

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12
Q

life changes

A

shifts that require adjustment

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13
Q

traumatic events

A

unexpected sever events that create extreme disruptions

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14
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by lingering, persistent, frightening thoughts/memories of event/depression

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15
Q

general adaptation syndrom

A

Hans Selye 3 stage response to stress

alarm and aroused, then resistance but susceptible to diseases of adaptation, exhaustion

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16
Q

primary appraisal

A

an evaluation of a situation to determine whether it poses a threat or not

appraisal to determine how sever your stress is

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17
Q

secondary appraisal

A

appraisal of one’s personal resources and ability to cope w/ a stressor

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18
Q

type A

A

competitiveness, impatience, anger, hostility

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19
Q

type b

A

less aggressive, more relaxed, less hostile than type a

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20
Q

type c

A

difficulty in expressing or acknowledging negative feelings

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21
Q

coping

A

efforts to manage, reduce or tolerate stress

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22
Q

problem-focused

A

strategies dealing directly with stressor such as changing stressor in some way

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23
Q

emotion focused

A

strategies focused on changing one’s feelings about the stressor

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24
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A

area of study focusing on links b/w stress, immune system, health

stress slows down lymphocytes and reduces their ability to fight
norepinephrine helps slow functioning of immune system in face of high/continuing stress
cortisol lowers immune system functioning during periods of extended stress

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25
Q

distress

A

stress caused by unpleasant situations or circumstances

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26
Q

eustress

A

optimal level of stress needed to promote physical and psychological health

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27
Q

inoculation

A

exposing oneself to a relatively low level of stress in a controlled situation in order to improve later performance in a more stressful situation

the more complex the task the less stress is required for optimal performance

28
Q

personality

A

the unique characteristics that account for the enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour

29
Q

conscious mind

A

composed of the thoughts and feelings of which we are aware at any given moment

30
Q

preconscious

A

contains the mental content that can easily be brought up to the conscious if attended to

31
Q

unconscious

A

contains the content of our mind that we are unaware of unless circumstances

32
Q

id

A

personality element representing basic instinctual drives

33
Q

ego

A

personality elements that works to help satisfy the drives of id while complying w/ constraints placed on behaviour by the environment

34
Q

superego

A

personality element that determines which impulses are acceptable to express openly

35
Q

psychosexual stages

A

stages in development of personality labelled oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital influenced by sexuality and aggression

oaplg

36
Q

neurosis

A

abnormal behaviour pattern caused by unresolved conflict with ego, id, superego

37
Q

defense mechanism

A

unconscious tactics by ego to protect individual from anxiety

38
Q

repression

A

most basic defense mechanism of keeping unpleasant memories/thoughts buried

39
Q

denial

A

process of refusing to recognize an existing situation

40
Q

weakness of freud theories

A

lack of predictive power
small sample size and not cross cultural

41
Q

alfred adler

A

social needs/conscious thoughts more important than sexual needs/unconscious thoughts

42
Q

carl jung

A

collective unconscious with shared memories or achetypes

43
Q

karen horney

A

cultural influences on behaviour, basic anxiety

44
Q

self-actualization

A

need for humans to fulfill their full and special potential

Abraham Maslow

45
Q

self-concept

A

a pattern of self-perception that remains consistent over time and characterizes someone

carl rogers

46
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

acceptance w/o terms or conditions

carl rogers

47
Q

personality traits

A

tendencies to behave in certain ways that remain relatively the same across situations

48
Q

superfactors

A

fundamental dimension of personality made up of clusters of related traits

49
Q

Raymond D. Cattell

A

factor analysis to find main super traits 16PF

50
Q

Gordon Allport

A

4500 dictionary based words to describe personality traits

51
Q

Hans Eysenck and factor analysis

A

superfactors: extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

52
Q

five factors (OCEAN)

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

McRae abd Costa

53
Q

situationism

A

behaviour is governed primarily by the variables in given situation rather than by internal traits

54
Q

interactionism

A

relationship b/w person’s underlying personality traits and the reinforcing aspects of situations in which they choose to put themselves in

55
Q

phrenology

A

method of assessing a person’s mental/moral qualities by shape of their skull

56
Q

3 tempermants bruh

A

negative emotionality, positive emotionality, disinhibition versus constraint

57
Q

social role theory

A

gender difference occur because boys and girls develop different behaviours and skills based largely on difference of gender role expectations

58
Q

personality disorders

A

inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour that causes distress or difficulty with daily functioning

59
Q

narcissistic peronsality disorder

A

high degree of self-interest and a high, often unrealistic degree of self importance

60
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

extreme and callous disregard for feelings and rights of others

61
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

sever instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility

62
Q

personality inventory

A

paper-pen questionnaire designed to assess aspects of personality

63
Q

socially desirable responding

A

create good impression by tailoring answers

64
Q

projective tests

A

personality assessment devices intended to tap a person’s unconscious by presenting an ambiguous stimuli and asking them to interpret it

65
Q
A

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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