Chapter 4: Neuroscience

Question 1

electroencephalogram

Answer 1

provide summary of brain activity over long period

Question 2

Dopamine

Answer 2

affects reward system, cocaine blocks reuptake of dopamine, Parkinson’s have low dopamine (use Ldopa)

Question 3

split-brain

Answer 3

cut corpus callous, Roger sperry did for to relieve severe epilepsy for his patients

Question 4

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

regular function

Question 5

corpus callosum

Answer 5

bundle of axons connecting 2 hemispheres

Question 6

Reticular formation

Answer 6

deals w/ sleep, major source of serotonin

Question 7

serotonin

Answer 7

positive mood/sleep/appetite, prozac blocks reuptake = affect mood

Question 8

relative refractory period

Answer 8

axon can fire but threshold higher

Question 9

prefrontal lobe

Answer 9

short-term memory, moral reasoning, mood regulation

Question 10

nucleus accumbens

Answer 10

reward learning

Question 11

parietal lobe

Answer 11

somatosensory strip, where pathway

Question 12

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Answer 12

death of motor neurons in spinal cord

Question 13

endorphins

Answer 13

lessons perceptions of pain/heroin accepted by endorphin recpetors

Question 14

action potential

Answer 14

sudden positive change in axon used to move excitatory charge, threshold

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

planning/movement, Broca’s area for speaking, pre-frontal lobe

Question 16

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 16

primary inhibitor neurotransmitter, reduces anxiety, valium/xanax increase flow

Question 17

glia

Answer 17

600 billion, membrane covering/supporting

Question 18

autonomic nervous system

Answer 18

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 19

detects changes of blood that show change in activity due to need of blood

Question 20

striatum

Answer 20

anterior to thalamus, fluid motion with substantia nigra

Question 21

resting potential

Answer 21

negative, when at rest

Question 22

pons

Answer 22

anterior to medulla, arousal attention

Question 23

occipital lobe

Answer 23

visual stimuli= colour, complex motion, patterns

Question 24

synaptogenesis

Answer 24

production of new synpases

Question 25

acetylcholine

Answer 25

muscle action/learning/memory, Alzheimer's results in ACH producing neurons depleting

Question 26

parkinson's disease

Answer 26

death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra

Question 27

somatosensory strip

Answer 27

processes tactile info from all parts of body

Question 28

medulla oblongata

Answer 28

basic functioning

Question 29

somatic nervous system

Answer 29

sensory info + reflexes

Question 30

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Answer 30

detects uptake of certain dye molecules indicating areas of increased activity

Question 31

pituitary gland

Answer 31

control endocrine system

Question 32

thalamus

Answer 32

anterior to hypothalamus, relay station for sensory info, lateral geniculate nucleus (visual stimuli, medial geniculate nucleus (auditory stimuli)

Question 33

cerebellum

Answer 33

motor coordination, learning involving movement, enables balance, motor performance/ memory

Question 34

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

flight or fight response

Question 35

neurogenesis

Answer 35

production of new neurons

Question 36

peripheral nervous system

Answer 36

somatic/autonomic nervous system

Question 37

hypothalamus

Answer 37

anterior to midbrain, endocrine hormonal system

Question 38

neurons

Answer 38

100 billion, several dendrites, one axon

Question 39

hippocampus

Answer 39

memory/learning, balance, damage causes inability to form episodic memory, spatial memory

Question 40

midbrain

Answer 40

anterior to pons, substantia nigra (dopamine production)

Question 41

Broca's area for speaking

Answer 41

aphasia: inability to speak

Question 42

multiple sclerosis

Answer 42

demyelination of axons in neurone = vision loss, pain, muscle weakness

Question 43

Broca's aphasia

Answer 43

ability to speak damaged but other language abilities stay

Question 44

temporal lobe

Answer 44

amygdala, hippocampus, wernicke's area for language comprehension, what pathway

Question 45

absolute refractory period

Answer 45

axon unable to fire no matter stimulus strength

Question 46

amydala

Answer 46

involved in fear/emotions

Question 47

huntington's disease

Answer 47

death of neurons in striatum

Question 48

wernicke's area for language comprehension

Answer 48

left side, fluent aphasia: inability to process speech, reply in gibberish