Chapter 1/2: History and Experiments

Question 1

voluntarism

Answer 1

belief that behaviour is motivated and that attention is focused for an explicit reason, free will

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

belief that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations.

Question 3

introspection

Answer 3

attempt to access one’s own processes/states

Question 4

functionalism

Answer 4

focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior Functionalism also emphasized individual differences

mental states defined by what they do, not their make up

Question 5

gestalt

Answer 5

inborn hardwired tendencies to structure what we see In particular ways and perceive things as broad structural units

Question 6

psychoanalysis

Answer 6

complex interaction and competition b/w thoughts/behaviours/emotions existing at different levels of awareness

Question 7

behaviourism

Answer 7

study objective/observable behaviour

Question 8

humanistic

Answer 8

potential of individuals to change, actualize, rejecting psychoanalysis and behaviourism

Question 9

cognitive

Answer 9

study of information processing, how info is stored

Question 10

cultural psychology

Answer 10

is the study of how cultures reflect and shape their members’ psychological processes
It is based on the premise that the mind and culture are inseparable and mutually constitutive.

Question 11

behavioural genetics

Answer 11

influences of genes on cognition and behaviour

Question 12

evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

inheritance shapes thoughts/behaviour

Question 13

sociobiologists

Answer 13

innate concept of social organization exists in humans

Question 14

positive psychology

Answer 14

the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple levels that include the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life

Question 15

inductive reasoning

Answer 15

reasoning process that goes from small specific situations to general truths

Question 16

descriptive research methods

Answer 16

determine the existence and strength of a relationship b/w variables (case studies/surveys/observations)

Question 17

operationalization

Answer 17

is a process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon which is not directly measurable, though its existence is inferred from other phenomena

Question 18

double blind procedure

Answer 18

information which may influence the participants of the experiment is withheld until after the experiment is complete