Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards
Antiseptics
Substances used for skin cleaning that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Disinfectants
Substances or solutions that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments
Sharps container
Special puncture resistant, leak proof, disposable container used to dispose of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects
Tourniquet
A device typically a flat strip of stretchable material applied to a limb prior to Venipuncture to restrict venous flow which distends the veins and makes them easier to find and pierce with a needle
Multisample Needle
A type of needle that allows multiple tubes to be collected with a single Venipuncture
Hypodermic Needle
The type of needle used with the syringe system
Winged Infusion set
A 1/2 to 3/4 inch stainless steel needle permanently connected to a 5-12 inch length of tubing with either a luer attachment for Syringe use or Multisample luer adaptor for use with the evacuated tube, also called butterfly needle
Bevel
The point of a needle that is cut on a slant for ease of skin entry
Shaft
The long cylindrical portion of a needle
Hub
The end of a needle that attaches to the blood collection device; also the threaded end of a tube holder where the needle attaches
Lumen
Internal space of a blood vessel or tube
Gauge
A number that relates to the diameter of the lumen of a needle
Resheathing device
Equipment such as shields that cover a needle after use
Evacuated tube system
A closed system in which the patients blood flows directly into a collection tube through a needle inserted into a vein
Tube holder
A clear plastic disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where an ETS collection tube is placed
Evacuated tubes
Type of tubes used in blood collection that have a premeasured vacuum and are color coded to denote the additive inside
Vacuum
Negative pressure or artificially created absence of air
Short draw
An under-filled or partially filled tube
Short draw tubes
Tubes designed to partially fill without compromising test results
Additive
A substance (other than the tube stopper or coating) such as an anticoagulant, antiglycolytic agent, separator gel, preservative, or clot activator placed within a tube
Syringe system
A sterile safety needle, a disposable plastic syringe and a syringe transfer device
Syringe transfer device
A special piece of equipment used to safely transfer blood from a syringe into ETS tubes
Barrel
Cylindrical body of a syringe with graduated markings in either milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cc)
Plunger
A rodlike device that fits tightly into the barrel of a syringe and creates vacuum when pulled back in the process of filling the syringe
S-Monovette Blood collection system
Complete system for blood collection in which the blood collection tube and collection apparatus are combined in a single unit
Anticoagulants
A substance that prevents blood from clotting
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)
An anticoagulant that prevents coagulation by binding or chelating Calcium And is Used for hematology studies because it preserves cell morphology and inhibits platelet clumping
Sodium Citrate
An anticoagulant that prevents clotting by binding calcium and is used for coagulation tests because it does the best job of preserving the coagulation factors
Heparin
Anticoagulant that prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation
Oxalates
Anticoagulants that prevent clotting by precipitating Calcium
Thrombin
An enzyme that converts fibrinogen into the fibrin necessary for clot formation
Potassium oxalate
An anticoagulant commonly used with the antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride
ACD - Acid Citrate Dextrose
An additive used in the collection of blood specimens for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping Used in paternity evaluation and to determine transplant compatibility respectively. Acids Citrate prevents coagulation by binding calcium and dextrose acts as a red blood cell nutrient and preservative by maintaining red cell viability
CPD - Citrate Phosphate Dextrose
An additive use in collecting units of blood for transfusion. Citrate prevents clotting by chelating Calcium , phosphate stabilizes pH and Dextrose provides cells with energy and helps keep them alive
SPS - Sodium Ployanethol Sulfonate
An anticoagulant used in blood culture collection that also reduces the action of a protein called complement that destroys bacteria, slows down phagocytosis (ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes) and reduces the activity of certain antibiotics
Antiglycolytic agent
A substance that prevents glycolysis the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells. Most common antiglycolytic agent is Sodium Fluoride
Glycolysis
Breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells
Sodium Fluoride
An additive that preserves glucose and inhibits the growth of bacteria
Clot activator
A substances that enhances the coagulation process
Silica
Glass particles used to enhance the coagulation process; clot activator
Celite
An inert clay that enhances the coagulation process
Thixotropic gel
An Inert (nonreacting) synthetic gel substance in some ETS tubes (SST, PST, PPT) that prevents blood cells from continuing to metabolize substances in the serum or plasma by forming a physical barrier between the cells and cerium or plasma when the specimen is centrifuged
SST
Serum separator tubes
PST
Plasma Separator tubes
PPT
Plasma preparation tubes
Trace-element-free tubes
Tubes made of materials that are as free of trace element contamination as possible
Order of draw
A special sequence of tube collection that is intended to minimize additive carryover or cross contaminating problems
Carryover
Cross contamination or transfer of additive from one tube to the next
