Chapter 1 Question And Answers Flashcards
Before patient test results can be reported to the physician what must be done?
Specimens must be collected and analyzed
Since very early times times, man has been fascinated by blood and has believed in some connection between blood racing through his veins and his well being. What belief stemmed from this ?
Certain medical Principles and procedures dealing with blood evolved, some surviving to the present day.
Who was the father of Medicine?
Hippocrates (460-377 BC)
What was Hippocrates theory ?
Disease was the result of excess substance, such as blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile within the body.
What are the 4 humors?
1) Blood
2) Phlegm (mucous)
3) Black Bile (stool)
4) Yellow Bile (stomach acid, throw up)
What is one important surgical technique?
Phlebotomy
What is phlebotomy?
The process of bloodletting
What did Bloodletting involve?
It involved cutting into a vein with a sharp instrument and releasing blood to rid the body of evil spirits, cleanse the body of impurities and bring the body into proper balance
Phlebotomy comes from what Greek words?
Phlebos- veins
Tome- incision
What led authorities to believe phlebotomy dates back to Stone Age?
When crude tools were used to puncture vessels to allow excess blood to drain out of the body
Barber surgeons flourished when ?
Early in the Middle Ages
Who were the first people bloodletting ?
Barber Surgeons
What did the first blood-letters do by 1210?
They established themselves as the Guild of Barber Surgeons and divided the surgeons into surgeons of the long robe and surgeons of the short robe
What were Barber Surgeons and what did they do ?
1) They wore short robes
2) They did haircuts, shaving, tooth pulling, bloodletting, enema
3) They also put red and white striped poles to signify ( red - bleeding, white- bandages)
What were Surgeons and what did they do?
1) They wore long robes
2) They did haircuts, shaving, tooth pulling, blood letting, and amputations
What is cupping ?
When you use leeches
What’s the reason disease spread?
The reason diseases spread because they used the same tools
What was the first tool ?
Lancet which was used for cutting the vein during a procedure called venesection
What is Venesection?
Cutting of the vein, another word for phlebotomy
What is the most important thing a phlebotomist needs to know?
What test goes into what tube
How much blood is to be drawn?
Approximately 10 mL
What is the lancet used as today ?
As a fingerstick to check blood sugar levels
What is exsanguinate mean?
Remove all blood
During the 17th and 18th century what was phlebotomy accomplished by ?
Cupping and leeching
What did cupping involve?
It was a heated cup to bring veins up to make it easier to draw blood with a lancet or fleams
What were the early tools used in phlebotomy?
1) bleeding bowls
2) lancet - cuts veins during venesection
3) Cupping - heated cup to bring up veins which is known as a tourniquet today
4) leeching- eats off dead skin and bacteria
5) fleams - incisions made with a double edged blade
What were leeches used for ?
To drain the blood
Explain the 4 humors in the 19th and 12th centuries and their significance and who created it?
Blood, phlegm, Black Bile And yellow bile. The significance is to show that the body is out of balance and Hippocrates the father of medicine created it.
What early medical technology do we use today ?
Leeches and the 4 humors
Who died from being exsanguinated ?
George Washington
What is a fleam and why wasn’t it a good method to use ?
It is a double edged blade, it wasn’t a good method to use because they only wiped blades clean with a rag which transmitted a host of blood borne infections from patient to patient
Phlebotomy today is performed to do what ?
- obtain blood for diagnostic purposes and monitoring of prescribed treatment
- Remove blood for transfusions at a donor center
- Remove blood for therapeutic purposes such as treatment for polycythemia.
What is phlebotomy primarily accomplished by ?
- Venipuncture
- Capillary Puncture
Define Venipuncture?
It involves collecting blood by penetrating a vein with a needle and syringe or other collection apparatus
Define Capillary Puncture?
It involves collecting blood after puncturing the skin with a lancet
What is really important to remember for a phlebotomist on the job ?
What test goes into what tube
What is POCT ?
Point of care testing, which means you can do these tests at your home with results right away
What is a license ?
License is a document or permit granted by the state indicating permission for a person to perform a certain service after having met the education and experience requirements and successfully completing an examination
What are CEU’s ?
Continuing Education Units, Are taken to keep a license valid
What is professionalism?
It is the conduct and qualities that characterize a professional person.
What personal behaviors or characteristics does professionalism include ?
- Integrity
- Compassion
- Motivation
- Dependability
- Diplomacy / Ethical Behavior
What is the Patient’s Bill of Rights ?
The patient has a right to refuse and deny medical care
What must Healthcare Workers do ?
(HCWs) They must obtain the patients written authorization for any use or disclosure of protected health information (PHI) unless the use or disclosure is for treatment, payment, or healthcare operations
Communication skills is _________
Defined as the means by which information is exchanged or transmitted, communication is one of the most important processes that takes place in the health care system.
What are the components of communication ?
- Verbal Skills
- Nonverbal Skills
- Ability to Listen
Verbal skills consist of ___________?
Sender (Speaker)
Receiver (Listener)
Feedback (When complete)
Communication feedback loop (created from feedback)
Nonverbal skills consist of __________?
Kinesics, Proxemics, Appearance, and Touch
Ability to Listen consists of __________?
Active Listening
What are the 3 parts to Healthcare Delivery ?
- Primary care (your physician)
- Secondary care (Specialist whom you were referred to)
- Tertiary care (long term care / convalescent)
What does Hematology department do ?
Perform tests that identify diseases associated with blood and the blood forming tissues.
What is the most commonly ordered hematology test ?
Complete Blood Count or CBC
Coagulation is _________?
The study of the ability of blood to form and dissolve clots
What is coagulation used for ?
To monitor patients taking blood thinner medications
What are the most common coagulation tests ?
- PT
- PTT
Chemistry lab performs what tests ?
Serums and all body fluids
What is the Histology lab ?
Study of the microscopic structures of tissues
What is the Cytology lab ?
Study of the structure of cells (ex: body tissue cells)
