Chapter 7 Intro Flashcards
Nervous system
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Relays messages, processes info, analyzes data. Involves the brain and spinal cord. Protected by the cranium and vertebral column.
Peripheral Nervous System
Receives information from the environment and relays commands from CNS to organs and glands. Motor Division and Sensory Division
Sensory Division
Transmits impulses from sense organs to the CNS
Motor Division
Transmits impulses from CNS to muscles and glands. Somatic and Autonomic.
Somatic
Regulates activities under conscious control ex) movement of skeletal muscles
Autonomic
Regulates activities under nervous control ex) heartbeat, smooth muscle contractions. Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Parasympathetic
Controls organs at rest
Sympathetic
Controls organs in stress
Nerves
Cable-like bundles of axons that communicates the brain to the rest of the body. Nerves are made up of neurons, which are the cells of the nervous system. Neurons can transit chemical and electrical information in order to communicate.
Sensory
Carry impulses from the sensory organs to the spinal cord and brain.
Motor
Carry impulses from the spinal cord and brain to the muscles and glands.
Interneurons
Carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Interneurons
Carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Schwann cells
Help maintain homeostasis and produce myelin sheaths.
Soma
Cell body containing the nucleus.
Dendrites
Projections of the cell body that can receive electrical stimulation from other neurons via synapses
Myelin sheath
Acts as an insulator which helps speed up the rate of impulses.
Glial cells
- Surround neurons and help hold them in place.
- Supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons.
- Insulate neurons so that they are not directly touching.
- Remove dead neurons and destroy foreign invaders.
