Chapter 7: Family Relationships Flashcards
What is the FAMILY SYSTEMS APPROACH?
an approach to understanding family functions that emphasizes how each relationship within the family influences the family as a whole; composed of a variety of subsystems, each of which influences every other subsystem in the family
What is a DYADIC RELATIONSHIP?
a relationship bw two persons
What is DISEQUILIBRIUM?
in the context of family systems approach, a term used in reference to a change that requires adjustments from family members
What is a MIDLIFE CRISIS?
largely unfounded by research, the idea that most people experience a crisis around age 40, involving intensive reexamination of their lives and perhaps sudden and dramatic changes if they are dissatisfied
Describe the CAREGIVER sibling relationship.
in which one sibling serves parental functions with siblings; most common bw an older sister and younger siblings, in both developed and developing countries
Describe the BUDDY sibling relationship.
in which siblings treat each other as friends, important source of emotional support
Describe the CRITICAL sibling relationship.
in which siblings have a high level of conflict and teasing; conflict with siblings in the adolescent stage tends to be lower than as younger children
Describe the RIVAL sibling relationship.
in which siblings compete against each other and measure their success against one another
Describe the CASUAL sibling relationship
in which siblings have a low level of emotional involvement and may have little to do with one another
What are PARENTING STYLES?
the patterns of practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children
What is DEMANDINGNESS in the context of parenting styles?
the degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behaviour and require their children to comply with them
What is RESPONSIVENESS in the context of parenting styles?
the degree to which parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and express love, warmth, and concern
Describe AUTHORITATIVE PARENTS.
high in demandingness and high in responsiveness > love their children openly but also set clear standards for behaviour and explain to their children the reasons for those standards
Describe AUTHORITARIAN PARENTS.
high in demandingness, low in responsiveness > require obedience from their children and punish disobedience without compromise, but show little warmth or affection
Describe PERMISSIVE PARENTS.
low in demandingness, high in responsiveness > show love and affection toward their children but are permissive with regard to standards of behaviour
Describe DISENGAGED PARENTS.
low in demandingness, low in responsiveness > relatively uninvolved in their children’s development
In terms of parenting styles and adolescent developments, what are RECIPROCAL/BIDIRECTIONAL EFFECTS?
children are not only affected by their parents but affect their parents in return
What is DIFFERENTIAL PARENTING?
when parents’ behaviour differs toward siblings within the same family
What are NONSHARED ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES?
influences experienced differently among siblings within the same family
What is ATTACHMENT THEORY?
originally developed by John Bowlby
asserts that attachments bw parents and children have an evolutionary basis in the need for vulnerable young members of the species to stay in close proximity to adults who will care for and protect them
What is SECURE ATTACHMENT?
infants use caregiver as a “secure base from which to explore” when all is well, and seek physical comfort and consolation from the caregiver if frightened or threatened
What is ANXIOUS ATTACHMENT?
characterized by a strong desire for closeness, fear of abandonment, and heightened emotional responses in relationships; often seek constant reassurance and may become overly dependent on their partners.
What is AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT?
a psychological and emotional pattern characterized by an individual’s tendency to avoid emotional closeness and dismiss the importance of intimate relationships, often as a self-protective measure
What are AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONS?
emotional functions of the family, pertaining to love, nurturance, and attachment
What is FAMILY STRUCTURE?
the outward characteristics of a family, such as whether the parents are married
What is FAMILY PROCESS?
the quality of family members’ relationships, degree of warmth or hostility
What is DIVORCE MEDIATION?
an arrangement in which a professional mediator helps divorcing parents negotiate an aggreement that both find acceptable; helps promote children’s adaptation to divorce
What is the CUSTODIAL PARENT?
the parent who lives in the same household as the children following a divorce > the mother in 80% of divorces
