Chapter 10: The Role of Education Flashcards
What is SECONDARY SCHOOL?
the schools attended by adolescents usually including lower secondary (middle school) and upper secondary (high school)
What is a COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL?
the form of American high school that arose in the 1920s and is still the main form today; encompasses a large range of functions and includes classes in general education, college prep, and vocational training
What is MORNINGNESS?
preference for going to bed and waking up early
What is EVENINGNESS?
preference for going to bed and waking up late
What is SCHOOL CLIMATE?
the quality of interactions bw teachers and students, including how teachers interact with students, what sort of expectations and standards they set, and what kind of methods are used in the classroom
What is ENGAGEMENT in the context of school?
the quality of being psychologically committed to learning, including being alert and attentive in the classroom and making a diligent effort to learn
What is the IMMIGRANT PARADOX?
First-generation adolescents do better in school than second-generation bc the longer the family has been in the US, the more “Americanized” the adolescent is likely to become and will value part-time work and socialization with friends over academic excellent
Describe GIFTED STUDENTS.
students who have unusually high abilities in academics, art, or music
What are the 4 characteristics that distinguish gifted children and teens?
Precocity > gifts evident at an early age
Independence > need less instruction and support
Drive for mastery
Excellence in information processing > learn quickly, make fewer errors, use effective learning strategies
What is a LEARNING DISABILITY?
in schools, a diagnosis made when a child or adolescent has normal intelligence, but difficulty in one or more academic areas and the difficulty cannot be attributed to any other disorder
What is ADHD?
psychological disorder characterized by difficulty in maintaining attention on a task along with high activity level that makes self-control problematic
What are PERFORMANCE GOALS?
the desire to be judged well by others and avoid criticism; failure is blamed on the self, which can lead to demotivation
What are MASTERY GOALS?
the desire to improve skills and develop competence; failure is used as information to improve skills, so motivation remains higher
What is TERTIARY EDUCATION?
all education and training beyond the secondary level, including college, university, and occupational training programs
What is RETENTION in terms of tertiary education?
the degree of success in maintaining students enrolled in college until they graduate
What is a GAP YEAR?
a year bw finishing secondary school and entering tertiary education, most common in Australia, Israel, northern Europe and the UK
What is SOCIO-ACADEMIC INTEGRATION?
the extent to which students feel personally connected to teacher, students, and the educational institution as a whole
