Chapter 6: The Self Flashcards
What is SELF-ESTEEM?
a person’s overall sense of worth and well-being
What is the ACTUAL SELF?
a person’s perception of the self as it is, contrasted with possible self
What are POSSIBLE SELVES?
a person’s conception of the self as it possibly may be; may include an ideal self and a feared self
What is the IDEAL SELF?
the person the adolescent would like to be
ex: becoming popular with peers or highly successful in music or sports
What is the FEARED SELF?
the self a person imagines it possible to become but dreads becoming
EX: an alcoholic or like a disgraced family member
What is BASELINE SELF-ESTEEM?
a person’s stable, enduring sense of worth and well-being
What is BAROMETRIC SELF-ESTEEM?
the fluctuating sense of self-worth and well-being people have as they respond to different thoughts, experiences, and interactions in the course of a day
According to Susan Harter, what are the 8 domains of adolescent self-concepts?
Scholastic comptence
Social acceptance
Athletic competence
Physical appearance
Job competence
Romantic appeal
Behaviour conduct
Close friendship
What is SOCIAL LONELINESS?
condition that occurs when people feel that they lack a sufficient number of social contact and relationships (quantity)
What is EMOTIONAL LONELINESS?
condition that occurs when people feel that the relationships they have lack sufficient closeness and intimacy (quality)
Describe Erikson’s IDENTITY VS. IDENTITY CONFUSION stage.
the crisis typical of the adolescent stage of life, in which individuals may follow the healthy path of establishing a clear and definite sense of who they are and how they fit into the world around them, or follow the unhealthy alternative of failing to form a stable and secure identity
What are IDENTIFICATIONS?
relationships formed with others, especially in childhood, in which love for another person leads one to want to be like that person; parents and loved ones, mentors
What is the PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM?
a period during adolescence when adult responsibilties are postponed as young people “try on” various selves; most relevant to individualistic, developed societies
What is a NEGATIVE IDENTITY?
Erikson’s term for an identity based on what a person has seen portrayed as most undesirable or dangerous; adopted by some adolescents who reject acceptable possibilities and deliberately embrace the opposites
What is the IDENTITY STATUS MODEL?
an approach to conceptualizing and researching identity development that classifies people into one of four cateogries:
diffusion
moratorium
foreclosure
achievement
What is IDENTITY CRISIS?
Erikson’s term for intense period of struggle that adolescents may experience in the course of forming an identity
What is IDENTITY DIFFUSION?
comines no exploration with no commitment; no commitments have been made among the available paths of identity formation; the person is not seriously attempting to sort through potential choices and make enduring commitments
What is IDENTITY MORATORIUM?
involves exploration but no commitment; young people trying out different personal, occupational, and ideological possibilities
What is IDENTITY FORECLOSURE?
involves commitment, but no exploration; identity status in which young people have not yet experimented with a range of possibilities but have nevertheless committed themselves to certain choices
What is IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT?
involves commitment following exploration; identity status of young people who have made definite personal, occupational, and ideological choices following a period of exploring alternatives
What is ASSIMILATION in the context of cultural identity?
involves leaving the ethnic culture behind and adopting the ways of the majority culture; the American “melting pot,” one national culture
What is MARGINALITY?
involves rejecting one’s culture of origin, but also feeling rejected by the majority culture; common among Native American adolescents
What is SEPARATION in terms of cultural identity?
involves associating only with members of one’s own ethnic group and rejecting the ways of the majority culture
What is BICULTURALISM?
involves developing a dual identity, one based in the ethnic group of origin and one based in the majority culture; moving back and forth bw the two cultures, alternating identities as appropriate
What is a HYBRID IDENTITY?
integrates elements of various cultures; immigrants may develop identities which combine their native culture, the local culture to which they have immigrated, and the global culture
