Chapter 13: Problems and Resilience Flashcards
What are INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS?
problems like depression and anxiety which affect a person’s inner world
Describe the OVERCONTROLLED personality
characterized by inhibition, anxiety, and self-punishment; sometimes linked to parents who exercise tight psychological control; genetic and environmental contributing factors
What are EXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS?
problems that affect a person’s external world (delinquency, fighting, substance use, etc)
Describe the UNDERCONTROLLED personality.
characterized by a lack of self-control, impulsiveness; more common among boys and men
What is DRIVER’S EDUCATION?
programs designed to teach young drivers safe skills before they receive their drivers’ licence
What is GRADUATED DRIVER LICENSING?
a program that allows young people restricted driving experience under the supervision of an experienced driver
What is UNSTRUCTURED SOCIALIZING?
the term for young people spending time together with no specific event as the centre of their activity; driving around, party hopping, etc
What is EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANCE USE?
trying a substance only once or a few times out of curiosity; accounts for a substantial proportion of substance use in adolescence and emerging adulthood
What is SOCIAL SUBSTANCE USE?
the use of substances in the course of social activities with one or more friends
What is MEDICINAL SUBSTANCE USE?
undertaken for the purpose of relieving an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress
What is SELF-MEDICATION?
the use of substances for relieving unpleasant states > youths who use for this purpose tend to use more frequently
What is ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCE USE?
pattern of substance use in which a person has come to depend on regular use of substances to feel good physically or psychologically
What is PARENTAL MONITORING?
the degree to which parents keep track of where their teens are and what they’re doing
In the context of law enforcement, what is a JUVENILE?
persons defined by the legal system as being younger than adult status (under 18 in most countries)
In the context of law enforcement, what is DELINQUENCY?
violations of the law committed by juveniles
Describe LIFE-COURSE-PERSISTENT DELINQUENTS.
adolescents who show a history of related problems both prior to and following adolescents; highly prone to engage in criminal activity, and tend to continue this activity after adolescence
Describe ADOLESCENCE-LIMITED DELINQUENTS
delinquents who engage in criminal acts in adolescence and/or emerging adulthood but show no evidence of these problems before or after these periods
What is PEER CONTAGION?
increase in delinquent behaviour that often takes place as an unintended consequence of bringing adolescents together for an intervention bc in the intervention setting, they reinforce each other’s delinquent tendencies and find new partners for delinquent acts
What is FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY?
delinquency prevention approach that focuses on diminishing family dysfunction
What is a MULTISYSTEMIC APPROACH?
delinquency prevention strategy that addresses risk factors at several levels
What is DEPRESSED MOOD?
an enduring period of sadness, without any other related symptoms of depression
What is MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER?
psychological diagnosis that entails depressed mood, reduced interest or pleasure in regular activities, plus additional symptoms which are present for at least a 2 week period, and involve a change in previous functioning
What is the DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL?
a theory that mental disorders result from the combination of a diathesis (biological vulnerability) and environmental stresses
What are NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTIONS?
beliefs that one’s current unhappiness is permanent and uncontrollable > a common belief in depressed young people
What is GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER?
psychological diagnosis that entails excessive worry and uncontrollable anxiety
What is RESILIENCE?
overcoming adverse environmental circumstances to achieve healthy development
What are PROTECTIVE FACTORS?
characteristics of young people that are related to a lower likelihood of participation in risk behaviours
