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Chemistry > Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Combustion Reactions

A
  • a substance reacts w O, emitting heat and forming one or more O-containing compounds
  • type of Oxidation-Reduction Rxn
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2
Q

Precipitation Reactions

A

reactions in aqueous solutions that form a precipitate (a solid) when two aqueous solutions are mixed

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3
Q

Signs of a Chem Rxn

A
  • color change
  • emission of light
  • formation of solid
  • emission/absorptionof heat
  • formation of gas
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4
Q

Reactants

A

substances on the left side of the chem equations

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5
Q

Products

A

substances on the right side that are often the outcome

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6
Q

Balanced Equation

A

in which the numbers of each type of atoms on both sides of the equation are equal

-to balance an equation, we insert coefficients in front of the chem formulas

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7
Q

Aqueous Solution

A
  • homogenous mixture of a substance with water
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8
Q

Strong Electrolyte Solutions

A

-substances that completely dissociate into ionis in solutions are strong electrolytes

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9
Q

Soluble

A

a compound is soluble in a particular liquid if it dissolves in the liquid

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10
Q

Insoluble

A

a compound is insoluble if it DOES NOT dissolve in liquid

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11
Q

Solubility Rules

A

Li, Na, K, NH4, NO3, C2H3O2 - solulable

Cl, Br, I - soluble except w Ag, Hg, or Pb

SO4 - soluble except w Ca, Sr, Ba, or Pb

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12
Q

Insoluble Compounds

A

OH, S - except w Li, Na, K, NH4, Ca, Sr, Ba

CO3, PO4 except w Li, Na, K, NH4

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13
Q

Soluble Ions w no exceptions (5)

A

Li, Na, K, NH4, NO3, C2H3O2

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14
Q

Precipitate

A

a solid that is formed from a reaction

-only insoluble compounds form precipitate

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15
Q

Molecular Equations

A

completely neutral formulas for every compound in the reaction

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16
Q

Complete Ionic Equations

A
  • shows each reactant and product as their are actually present in solution
    ex) Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- => AgCl + Na+ + NO3-
17
Q

Spectator Ions

A

in complete ionic equations, some of the ions in solution appear unchanged on both sides of the equation

  • these spectator ions do not participate in the rxn
  • spectator ions can be omitted to simplify the equations - instead of complete, they are net ionic equations

ex) Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- => AgCl + Na+ + NO3-
the SPECTATORS are Na and NO3

18
Q

Net Ionic Equations

A

equations which only show the species that actually participate in the rxn (unlike complete ionic equations)

ex) COMPLETE IONIC EQUATION: Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- => AgCl + Na+ + NO3-
the SPECTATORS Na and NO3 are removed:
NET IONIC EQUATION: Ag+ + Cl- => AgCl

19
Q

Acid-Base Reaction

aka Neutralization Rxn

A
  • reactions that form water upon mixing of an acid and a base
  • the acid’s H combines with the base’s OH to form H2O

ex) HCl +NaOh -> H2O + NaCl

20
Q

Gas Evolution Reactions

A

aqueous reactions that form a gas as a product

-The intermediate product H2CO3 is unstable and becomes H2O(aq) + CO2(g)

21
Q

compounds that undergo Gas Evolution

A

H2CO3 - CO2(g)
H2SO3 - SO2(g)
NH4OH - NH3(g)
H2S (g)

22
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

aka Redox Rxn

A
  • involved the transfer of electrons
  • responsible for the rusting of iron, bleaching of hair, and production of electricity in batteries
  • oxidation (loss of e) and reduction (gain of e) must occur together
  • substance reacts w elemental O
  • metal reacts w nonmetal
  • one substance transfers e to another substance

ex) rusting of iron:
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) => 2Fe2O3(s)

23
Q

Oxidation

A

the loss of electrons

24
Q

Reduction

A

the gain of electrons

25
Q

Combustion Reaction

A

a type of EXOTHERMIC (emit heat) Redox Rxn

-the reaction of a substance w O2 to form 1 or more O-containing compounds; often including H2O

26
Q

4 types of Chem Rxn

A

1 Precipitation Rxn
2 Acid-Base Rxn
3 Gas Evolution Rxn (many are also an acid/base rxn)
4 Oxidation Rxn (including Combustion Rxn0

27
Q

4 Types of Reactions

A

Synthesis/Combination
Decomposition
Single-Displacement
Double-Displacement

28
Q

A + B ==> AB

A

synthesis rxn/combo rxn

29
Q

AB ==> A + B

A

decomposition rxn

30
Q

A + BC ==> AC + B

A

single displacement rxn

31
Q

AB + CD ==> AD + CB

A

double displacement

32
Q

Synthesis/Combination Rxn

A

simple substances combine to form more complex substances

ex) 2Na + Cl2 => 2NaCl
or
CaO + CO2 => CaCO3

33
Q

Decomposition Rxn

A

a complex substance decomposes into simpler substances

ex) 2H2O => 2H + O2

34
Q

Displacement Rxns

A

one element displaces another in a compound

ex)
Zn + CuCl2 => ZnCl2 + Cu

35
Q

Double Displacement Rxn

A

2 elements or groups of elements in 2 different compounds exchange placed to form 2 NEW compounds

ex)
HCl +NaOH => H2O + NaCl

Chemistry (24 decks)

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