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Chemistry > Chapter 18 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic Molecules

A

molecules containing carbon combined w several other elements

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2
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

the study of carbon-containing compounds and their reaction

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3
Q

Carbon Bonding + Geometry

A

always forms 4 bonds

4 bonds =tetrahedral
2 double +2 single bonds =trigonal planar
triple bond +single bond = linear

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4
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogens

-all undergo combustion rxn
fuel + O2 > CO2 + H2O + energy

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5
Q

4 Types of Hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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6
Q

Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

contains only single bonds bc they are saturated (loaded to capacity)
-bonded on straight chain

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7
Q

Alkenes

A

CnH2n

contains atleast one double bond b/w carbon atoms

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8
Q

Alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

contains atleast one triple bonds b/w carbon atoms

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9
Q

Saturated Hydrocarbons

A

alkanes

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

A

alkenes
alkynes
aromatic hydrocarbons

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11
Q

Condense Structural Formula for Alkanes

A

shorthand way to write a structural formula

ex) C2H6 
structural:
....H..H.
.....|....|
H-C-C-H
.....|....|
....H..H.
shorthand structural:
CH3CH3
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12
Q

n-Alkanes

A

normal alkanes
composed of straight chain, no branching

-as # of carbons increase, so does their boiling point

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13
Q

Isomers

A

same formula, different structure

ex) butane is a chain, isobutain is branched

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14
Q

Prefixes for Alkanes

A

-based on the number of carbons on the longest continuous carbon chain

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec
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15
Q

Names for Alkanes

A

long chain prefix + -ane

branches prefix + -yl

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16
Q

Condensed Structural Formula for Alkenes

A 
ex
....H....H.
.....|......|
....C==C
.....|......|
....H....H.

condensed structural form:
CH2=CH2

17
Q

ALKYL GROUPS

A

groups of carbon atoms branching off the base chain

18
Q

Name for Alkene

A

[# carbon w double bond] - [prefix of # of C on long chain] + [-ene]

ex) CH

19
Q

Name for Alkynes

A

[# carbon w double bond] - [prefix of # of C on long chain] + [-yne]

20
Q

Alkene + Alkyne Addition Rxn

A

one bond from a double/triple bond is removed and 1 or more atoms are added.

ex) C=C + CL2 -> CL-C-C-CL

21
Q

Alkane Substitution Rxn

A

single bonds only

1 or more H is replaced with 1 or more atoms

22
Q

Aromatic

A

has a ring of carbons with alternating double and single bonds

23
Q

Combustion

A

burning of hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen
highly exothermic for heat/energy
-hydrocarbon + O2 = CO2

24
Q

Hydrogenation Rxn

A

alkenes and alkynes(unsaturated) can add more hydrogens

-turns saturated

25
Q

Benzene

A

C6H6

-C-C bonds are an intermediate between single and double bonds (all bonds are the same length)

26
Q

Monosubstituted Benzenes

A

a benzene in which only 1 H has been substituted with an alkyl group or another atom

[name of substituent]+[benzene]

27
Q

Disubstituted Benzenes

A

2 H are substituted with another alkyl group or atom

NAMING: numbered and the substituents are named alphabetically

28
Q

Functional Groups

A

families of org. compounds contain characteristic of an atom/group of atoms has been inserted into the hydrocarbon

  • represents the hydrocarbon
  • G represents the functional group

ex) alcohol family contains R-OH
like CH3-CH-OH or CH3-OH

29
Q

Families (7)

A 
1 alcohol
2 ethers
3 aldehydes
4 ketones
5 carboxylic acids
6 esters
7 amines
30
Q

Alcohol

A

ROH

R-OH

31
Q

Ethers

A

ROR

R-O-R

32
Q

Aldehydes

A

RCHO

….O
…..||
R-C-H

33
Q

Ketones

A

RCOR

….O
…..||
R-C-R

34
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

RCOOH

….O
…..||
R-C-OH

35
Q

Esters

A

RCOOR

….O
…..||
R-C-OR

36
Q

Amines

A

R3N

….R
…..|
R-N-R

37
Q

How does an alkyl group differ from its parent alkane?

A

An alkyl group contains one less hydrogen atom than its parent alkane.

Chemistry (24 decks)

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