Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Chapter 5 - Molecules and Compunds > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Molecules and Compunds Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

mixture vs. compound

A

a compound is composed of a fixed ratio of elements. a mixture can have an indefinite proportion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

all samples of a given compound have the same proportion of their constituent elements

mass ratio= (mass of element 1)/(mass of element 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mass Ratio

A

-a compound composed of 2 elements (A + B) has a ratio of (mass A)/(mass B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Order of listing nonmetals in a chemical formula

A

C,P,N,H,S,I,Br,Cl,O,F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemical Formula

A
  • indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each element
  • the most metal like elements goes first
    ex. H2O has 2 H and 1 O
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A
  • when more chemical formulas contain groups of atoms that act as a unit.
  • set in parenthesis in the formula
  • capable of having their own charge

ex. NO3- is a polyatomic ion in Mg(NO3)2
- there are 2 No3- for every Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 types of chem formulas

A

1 empirical formula
2 molecular formula
3 structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Empirical Formula

A
  • simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Molecular Formula

A
  • actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

ex. molecular form of hydrogen peroxide is H2O2
empirical form is HO (bc that’s the simplest ratio)
mole form of water is H2O and empirical form is also H2O bc that’s the smallest ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural Formula

A
  • uses lines to represent chemical bonds and shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected to each other
    ex) hydrogen peroxide is H-O-O-H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Molecular Models

A

3d representation of molecules to represent compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ball-and-Stick Models

A

balls represent atoms and sticks represent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Space-filling Models

A

atoms fill the space b/w each other to more closely represent our best idea of how molecules might appear if we scale it to a visible size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pure Substances

A

are either Elements or Compounds

  • Elements are either atomic or molecular
  • Compounds are either molecular or ionic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atomic Elements

A

-have single atoms as their basic units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Molecular Elements

A
  • do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units
  • instead their exist as diatomic molecules as their basic units
17
Q

Diatomic Molecules

A

2 atoms of the same element bonded together

ex. O2, Cl2

18
Q

Molecular Compounds

A
  • composed of two or more nonmetals

- basic units are molecules composed of constituent atoms

19
Q

Ionic Compound

A
  • composed of 1 or more CATIONS + 1 or more ANIONS
  • metals (cations) + nonmetals (anions)
  • attracted to each other bc of opposite charge
  • basic unit are Formula Units
  • always contain pos + neg ions; sum must always be charge-neutral
20
Q

Formula Units

A
  • smallest electrically neutral collection of ions
  • differ from molecules in that they don’t exist as discrete entities; instead they are make up a larger 3-d array

ex) ionic compound is ;:;:;:;:;;;;:;;;:;:;;:;;
a mole compound is ;:;: :;;:; :;;:; :;;:;

21
Q

How to write formulas for Ionic Compounds w/ Monoatomic Ions

A

1 write the symbol for metal w/ charge and nonmetal w/ charge (Al3+ O2-)
2 use the charge of the metal ion for subscript of the nonmetal and vice versa (Al2O3)
3 if possible, reduce the subscript (Al2O3 is the smallest already)
4 check if it has a neutral charge
(cations: 2(3+)=6+
anions: 3(2-)=6-)

22
Q

How to write formulas for Ionic Compounds w/ Polyatomic Ions

A

1 write the symbol for metal w/ charge and polyatomic ion w/ charge (Ca2 + NO3-)
2 use the charge of the metal ion for subscript of the polyatomic ion and vice versa [Ca1(NO3)2}
3 if possible, reduce the subscript [Ca(NO3)2]
4 check if it has a neutral charge
(cation: 2+
anion: 2(1-)=2-)

23
Q

Ionic Compound Type I

A

contains metal w/invariant charge - one that does not vary from one compound to another
ex) Sodium has 1+ charge in any compound it is in

24
Q

Ionic Compound Type II

A

contains a metal with a charge that can differ in different compounds

  • any metal except Ag, Zn, Al, Sc, 1A, 2A
    ex) Cu+, Cu2+
25
Q

naming Ionic Compound Type I

A

[name of metal/cation] + [base name of nonmetal/anion +IDE]

ex)NaCl - sodium chloride

26
Q

naming Ionic Compound Type II

A

[name of metal/cation] +[(charge in roman numeral)] + [base name of nonmetal/anion +IDE]

ex) PbCl4 - lead(IV) chloride

27
Q

naming Ionic Compound w Polyatomic Ion

A

[name of metal w/roman num if TypeII] + [name of polyatomic ion]

ex) Fe(OH)2 - iron(II) hydroxide

28
Q

Oxyanions

A

anions containing O

ex) NO3- nitrate, NO2- nitrite

29
Q

Naming Molecular Compounds

A

[prefix][name of 1st element][prefix][name of 2nd element]

ex) N2O is dinitrogen monoxide

30
Q

element prefixes

A 
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca

***mono is usually dropped if its for the first element

31
Q

Acids

A

molecular compounds that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water

  • composed of H which is usually the first in their formula
  • sour taste and able to dissolve metals
32
Q

Binary Acids

A

contains only Hydrogen and nonmental

33
Q

Oxyacids

A

acids that contains oxyanions

-has hydrogen, nonmetal, + oxygen

34
Q

2 types of acids

A

1 binary acids

2 oxyacids

35
Q

naming Binary Acids

A

[hydro][base name of nonmetal + IC] [acid]

ex. HCl is hydrochloric acid

36
Q

naming Oxyacids

A

if oxyanion ends w -ATE:
[base name of axyanion-IC] [acid]

if oxyanion ends with -ITE:
[base name of oxyanion -OUS] [acid]

ex. H2SO3 has a sulfite. SULFUROUS ACID

37
Q

3 types of nomenclature compounds

A

1 Ionic metal+nonmetal [type I + type II]
2 Molecular nonmetals only
3 Acid H+1 or more nonmetals[binary or oxyacids]

38
Q

Formula Mass

A
  • sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula
    form. mass= [#atoms of 1st element x atomic mass of 1st element] + [#atoms of 2nd element x atomic mass of 2nd element]

ex. H2O
form.mass=2(1.01amu) + 16.0amu
=18.02 amu

Chemistry (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions