Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases Flashcards
Acidic Properties
- sour taste
- dissolve many metals
- turns blue litmus paper red
hydrochloric acid HCl
main component of stomach acid
-used to clean metals and refine metal ores
Arrheneius Definition of Acid and Base
Acids produce H+
Base produce OH-
Bronsted-Lowry Definition of Acid and Base
Acid donates a proton
Base accepts a proton
Reactions of Acids and Bases
- neutralization rxn
- acid-metal rxn
- acid-metal oxide rxn
- acid-base titration
- strong/weak acids and bases
- self-ionization of water
- pH and pOH scales
- buffers
Alkaloids
organic bases found in plants
often poisonous
Base Properties
- bitter taste
- slippery feel
- turns red litmus paper blue
Neutralization Rxn
when an acid and a bse is mixed, the H combines w OH to form H2O
Acid-Base Rxn
- generally forms a water and a salt (an ionic compound)
- cation fr base, anion fr acid
Acid-Metal Rxn
acid and metal usually produces H2 and a salt
Buffers
weak acids or bases
in blood, carbonic acid
Acid-Metal Oxide Rxn
acids and a metal-oxide produces water and a dissolved salt
Titration
we react a substance in a soln of known concentration w another substance in a soln of unknown concentration
Acetic Acid
a type of carboxylic acid
carboxylic acid groups
contains COOH
Equivalence Point
the point in the titration when the number of moles of OH- added equals to the number of moles of H+ originally in the soln
-equivalence point is signaled by an INDICATOR
INDICATOR
a dye whose color depends on the acidity of the soln
Strong Acid
one that completely dissociates in soln
-attraction between H+ and A- is weak, therefore the rxn moves in a forward direction
Monoprotic Acids
contains one ioinizable proton (H+)
EX) HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4
Diprotic Acid
contains 2 ionizable proton (H2)
EX) H2SO4
Weak Acid
if H+ and A- has a strong attraction, then the rxn will move back and form
Strong Base
one that completely dissociates in soln
-usually contains OH-
Weak Base
produces OH- by accepting a proton (H+) fr water
AMPHOTERIC
can act either as an acid or a base
water can be a protein donor or acceptor
ex) of self-ionization of water in which in pure water, water acts as an acid and a base w itself
H2O + H2O <=> [H3O+] + [OH-]
Ion Product Constant for Water
[Kw]
Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
=[1.0x10^-7][1.0x10^-7]
=[1.0x10^-7]^2
=1.0 x 10^-14
- equation holds true for all aq soln @25C
- neutral soln bc H3O=OH
Acidic Soln
in an acidic soln, there are additional H3O+ ions
Conjugate Acid
the product that gains the proton from the reacting BASE
Conjugate Base
the product that lost a proton from the reacting ACID
pH scale
- based on hydrogen ion concentration
- pH< 7 = acidic
- pH>7 = basic
- pH=7 = neutral
logarithmic scale
used for pH scale based on the log of the hydronium ion concentration
pH = -log[H3O+]
a change 1 pH unit corresponds to a tenfold change in H3O+
ex) a lime w a 2.0 pH is 10x more acidic than a plum w a 3.0 pH
Buffers
- resist pH change
- contains significant amounts of both weak acids and its conjugate base
- weak acid in buffer neutralizes added base
- conjugate base in buffer neutralizes acid
Which of the following correctly describes what is meant by the term neutralization?
the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
