Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acidic Properties

Answer 1

• sour taste
• dissolve many metals
• turns blue litmus paper red

Question 2

hydrochloric acid HCl

Answer 2

main component of stomach acid

-used to clean metals and refine metal ores

Question 3

Arrheneius Definition of Acid and Base

Answer 3

Acids produce H+

Base produce OH-

Question 4

Bronsted-Lowry Definition of Acid and Base

Answer 4

Acid donates a proton

Base accepts a proton

Question 5

Reactions of Acids and Bases

Answer 5

• neutralization rxn
• acid-metal rxn
• acid-metal oxide rxn
• acid-base titration
• strong/weak acids and bases
• self-ionization of water
• pH and pOH scales
• buffers

Question 6

Alkaloids

Answer 6

organic bases found in plants

often poisonous

Question 7

Base Properties

Answer 7

• bitter taste
• slippery feel
• turns red litmus paper blue

Question 8

Neutralization Rxn

Answer 8

when an acid and a bse is mixed, the H combines w OH to form H2O

Question 9

Acid-Base Rxn

Answer 9

• generally forms a water and a salt (an ionic compound)

- cation fr base, anion fr acid

Question 10

Acid-Metal Rxn

Answer 10

acid and metal usually produces H2 and a salt

Question 11

Buffers

Answer 11

weak acids or bases

in blood, carbonic acid

Question 12

Acid-Metal Oxide Rxn

Answer 12

acids and a metal-oxide produces water and a dissolved salt

Question 13

Titration

Answer 13

we react a substance in a soln of known concentration w another substance in a soln of unknown concentration

Question 14

Acetic Acid

Answer 14

a type of carboxylic acid

Question 15

carboxylic acid groups

Answer 15

contains COOH

Question 16

Equivalence Point

Answer 16

the point in the titration when the number of moles of OH- added equals to the number of moles of H+ originally in the soln
-equivalence point is signaled by an INDICATOR

Question 17

INDICATOR

Answer 17

a dye whose color depends on the acidity of the soln

Question 18

Strong Acid

Answer 18

one that completely dissociates in soln

-attraction between H+ and A- is weak, therefore the rxn moves in a forward direction

Question 19

Monoprotic Acids

Answer 19

contains one ioinizable proton (H+)

EX) HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4

Question 20

Diprotic Acid

Answer 20

contains 2 ionizable proton (H2)

EX) H2SO4

Question 21

Weak Acid

Answer 21

if H+ and A- has a strong attraction, then the rxn will move back and form

Question 22

Strong Base

Answer 22

one that completely dissociates in soln

-usually contains OH-

Question 23

Weak Base

Answer 23

produces OH- by accepting a proton (H+) fr water

Question 24

AMPHOTERIC

Answer 24

can act either as an acid or a base

water can be a protein donor or acceptor
ex) of self-ionization of water in which in pure water, water acts as an acid and a base w itself
H2O + H2O <=> [H3O+] + [OH-]

Question 25

Ion Product Constant for Water

[Kw]

Answer 25

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
=[1.0x10^-7][1.0x10^-7]
=[1.0x10^-7]^2
=1.0 x 10^-14

• equation holds true for all aq soln @25C
• neutral soln bc H3O=OH

Question 26

Acidic Soln

Answer 26

in an acidic soln, there are additional H3O+ ions

Question 27

Conjugate Acid

Answer 27

the product that gains the proton from the reacting BASE

Question 28

Conjugate Base

Answer 28

the product that lost a proton from the reacting ACID

Question 29

pH scale

Answer 29

• based on hydrogen ion concentration
• pH< 7 = acidic
• pH>7 = basic
• pH=7 = neutral

Question 30

logarithmic scale

Answer 30

used for pH scale based on the log of the hydronium ion concentration
pH = -log[H3O+]

a change 1 pH unit corresponds to a tenfold change in H3O+

ex) a lime w a 2.0 pH is 10x more acidic than a plum w a 3.0 pH

Question 31

Buffers

Answer 31

• resist pH change
• contains significant amounts of both weak acids and its conjugate base
• weak acid in buffer neutralizes added base
• conjugate base in buffer neutralizes acid

Question 32

Which of the following correctly describes what is meant by the term neutralization?

Answer 32

the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water