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Prehospital Emergency Care > Chapter 7 - Anatomy, Physiology And Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Anatomy, Physiology And Medical Terminology Flashcards

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0
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Structure of the body

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1
Q

What are the 7 body positions?

A

Supine, prone, lateral recumbent, fowler, semi fowler, trendelenburg, shock

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Function of the body

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3
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing erect, facing forward, arms 30 degrees palms forward

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4
Q

Trendelenburg position?

A

Laying down with feet above head

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5
Q

Shock position

A

Laying down with only feet higher than head

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6
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into right and left

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7
Q

Coronal plane

A

Anterior and posterior

Ventral and dorsal

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8
Q

Transverse plane

A

Superior and inferior

Cephlad and caudal

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9
Q

What is the front and back of the body called?

A

Anterior and posterior

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10
Q

What is the top and bottom of the body called?

A

Superior and inferior

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11
Q

Towards the front and towards the back?

A

Ventral and dorsal

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12
Q

Towards the middle and away from the body?

A

Medial and lateral

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13
Q

What is close to and away from?

A

Proximal and distal

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14
Q

What is the line drawn down from the middle of the clavicle?

A

Mid clavicle

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15
Q

What is the line down the side from the arm pits?

A

Midaxillary

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16
Q

What are the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?

A

Palmer and plantar

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17
Q

Muscle contraction or bringing in

A

Flexion

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18
Q

Muscles pushing away

A

Extension

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19
Q

Movement away from the body

A

Abduction

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20
Q

What is movement towards the body

A

Adduction

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21
Q

Movement in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

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22
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning forearms so the palm is turned backwards

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23
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning the arms so the palms are toward the front

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24
Q

Name the organs in the right upper quadrant?

A

Liver
Right kidney
Gallbladder
Small intestine

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25
Q

Name the organs in the left upper quadrant?

A

Spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas, small intestine

26
Q

Name the organs in the right lower quadrant?

A

Colon, appendix, small intestine, ovary, Fallopian tube, ureter

27
Q

Name the organs in the left lower quadrant?

A

Colon, small intestine
L ureter
L ovary
L Fallopian tube

28
Q

Name the organs in the midline area?

A

Bladder
Prostate
Uterus

29
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Workers like a filter and produces bile

30
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile

31
Q

What does the colon do?

A

Absorbs water and stores feces

32
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Filters blood

33
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Creates insulin and glucagon

34
Q

What is the ureter?

A

The tube from kidney to the bladder

35
Q

What do ligaments connect to?

A

Bone - ligament - bone

36
Q

What do tendons connect to?

A

Muscle. - tendon - bone

37
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A

Support
Protection
Storage - minerals, calcium and magnesium
Hematopoesis - creation of blood cells in the bone marrow

38
Q

Name the 6 bones in the skull?

A

Frontal - forehead
Temporal - 2 sides
Occipital - back
Parietal - 2 on top

39
Q

Name the 5 facial bones

A 
Orbits - eye socket 
Nasal bone - bed of nose
Zygomatic bone - cheek bones
Maxillae - upper jaw
Mandible - lower jaw
40
Q

Where is the zygomatic bone?

A

Cheek bone

41
Q

Where is the mandible bone located?

A

Lower jaw bone

42
Q

What is the maxillae bone?

A

Bone fused to the lower jaw

43
Q

What is La Forte fracture?

A

Fracture of the facial bones

44
Q

What is the cervical spine?

A

C1 thru C7
C1 atlas
C2 axis
All considered the neck

45
Q

What is the thoracic spine?

A

Upper back

T1 thru T12

46
Q

What is the lumbar spine?

A

Lower back

L1 thru L5

47
Q

What is the sacral spine?

A

Back wall of the pelvis - 5 vertebrate that are fused together
S1 thru S5

48
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

Tailbone

The last 4 vertebrate that are fused together

49
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

50
Q

Pronation and supination

A

Pronation - turning the arm so the hand is turned toward the back
Supination - hands toward the front

51
Q

What is automaticity?

A

The ability to generate an impulse on its own

52
Q

What does the upper airway consist of?

A

Nose and mouth
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Larynx

53
Q

What does the lower airway consist of?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

54
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Process of moving air in and out of lungs

55
Q

What is oxygenation?

A

Oxygen molecules are moved from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration

56
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carrie blood away from the heart

57
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carrie blood back to the heart

58
Q

What is the phrenic nerve?

A

The nerve that controls the diaphragm and exits the spine between C3 and C5

59
Q

What are intercostal muscles?

A

Muscles between the ribs

60
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Delivery of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide

61
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling of the tissue due to an increases in hydrostatic pressure

62
Q

What is the main source of energy for cell metabolism?

A

Glucose

63
Q

What is aerobic metabolism?

A

When glucose is turned into energy with oxygen

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