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Prehospital Emergency Care > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
0
Q

Physiology

A

Function of the living body and it’s parts

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of the body and the relationship of it parts to each other

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2
Q

Lateral recumbent

A

Patient lying on left or right side

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3
Q

Sagittarius plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left segments

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4
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Plane that divides the body into front and back halves

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5
Q

Transverse or horizontal plane

A

Plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves

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6
Q

Midline

A

Line drawn vertically through the middle of the patients body

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7
Q

Midaxillary line

A

Imaginary line vertically from the middle of the patients arm pit down to the ankle

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8
Q

Anterior plane

A

Patients front

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9
Q

Posterior plane

A

Patients back

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10
Q

Transverse line

A

Imaginary line horizontally through the patients waist

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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13
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or above the point of reference

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet or below the point of reference

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15
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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16
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front or belly

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17
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline or center of the body

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Refers to the left or right of the midline

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19
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of reference

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20
Q

Distal

A

Distant or far from the point of reference

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21
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the feet

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22
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of the hand

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23
Q

Flexion

A

Bending towards the body

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24
Q

Extension

A

Straightening away from the body

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25
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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26
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline

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27
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned towards the back

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28
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned towards the front

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29
Q

Artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart

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30
Q

Aorta

A

Supply all other arteries with blood, the major artery from the heart

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31
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

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32
Q

Carotid arteries

A

Supply the brain and head with blood

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33
Q

Femoral arteries

A

Major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood

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34
Q

Dorsalis pedis arteries

A

Artery in the foot, can be felt on top of the big toes

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35
Q

Posterior tibial arteries

A

Travels from the calf to the foot, can be felt by the ankle

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36
Q

Brachial arteries

A

Major artery of the upper arm, can be felt at the front of the elbow, used when determining blood pressure

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37
Q

Radial arteries

A

Major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint. Can be felt on the wrist

38
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Carry oxygen depleted blood to the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated and returned to the heart for circulation through out the body

39
Q

Arteriole

A

Smallest kind of artery, carry blood from the arteries into the capillaries

40
Q

Capillary

A

Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule

41
Q

Venule

A

Smallest branch of the veins, connected to the distal ends of capillaries

42
Q

Vein

A

Carries blood back to the heart

43
Q

Venae cavae

A

Carry oxygen depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs

44
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

45
Q

Red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen to the body cells, and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells

46
Q

White blood cells

A

Part of the body’s immune system and help to defend against infection

47
Q

Platelets

A

Essential to the formation of blood clots

48
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part if the blood, which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissue

49
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries

50
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Exerted against the walls of the arteries whe the left ventricle contracts

51
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest

52
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The force exerted on the inside of the vessel walls as a result of the blood pressure and volume

53
Q

Edema

A

Swelling occurring in the tissues

54
Q

Perfusion

A

The delivery of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide

55
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Insufficient supply of oxygen to some of the body’s cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide that results from inadequate circulation

56
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

57
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve?

A

At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

58
Q

Where is the bicuspid aka mitral valve?

A

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

59
Q

Where is the aortic valve?

A

At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle

60
Q

What is the aorta?

A

Major artery from the heart that supplies blood to all other arteries

61
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

Supply the heart with blood

62
Q

What are carotid arteries?

A

Supply the brain with blood

63
Q

What are Femoral arteries?

A

Major arteries of the thigh

64
Q

What is the pulmonary arteries?

A

Carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

65
Q

What is the superior vena cava?

A

Enters the top of the right atrium, carrying oxygen depleted blood from the upper body

66
Q

What is the inferior vena cava?

A

Enters the bottom of the right atrium, carrying oxygen depleted blood from the lower body

67
Q

What is hypoperfusion?

A

An insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the body’s cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide

68
Q

What does the nervous system control?

A

Voluntary and involuntary activity of the body

69
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

70
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

Carry sensory information from the body to the spinal cord

71
Q

What is a efferent nerve?

A

Carry motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the body

72
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Is activated when the body is challenged AKA fight or flight

73
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Returns the body functions to normal or depresses body functions

74
Q

What is RAS?

A

Reticular activating system - aka wake or sleep center

75
Q

Alpha 1?

A

Causes the vessels to constrict

76
Q

Alpha 2

A

Regulate the release of alpha 1

77
Q

Beta 1

A

Effects everything related to the heart

78
Q

Beta 2

A

Causes the smooth muscles to dilate, especially I the bronchioles

79
Q

What is the acetabulum.

A

Pelvic socket

80
Q

Where is the xiphoid process?

A

Bottom of the sternum

81
Q

Where is the acromion located?

A

End of the clavicle

82
Q

Where is the manubrium located?

A

Superior portion of the sternum

83
Q

What is the calcaneus?

A

Heel bone

84
Q

What is visceral pleura?

A

Thin layer of tissue over the lungs

85
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

Layer of tissue that covers the internal chest wall

86
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Pacemaker

87
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Produces insulin - islets of langerhans

Secretes pancreatic juices that aid in digestion

88
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile, which aids in digestion

Stores sugars

89
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Filters blood and is used as storage for blood

90
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile

91
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Food is broken down and nutrients are absorbed

92
Q

What does the large intestine do AKA colon?

A

Absorbers water from food waste

93
Q

What is between the vertebra?

A

Intervertebral

Prehospital Emergency Care (17 decks)

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