Chapter 11 - Baseline Vital Signs Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a sphygmomanometer?

A

Blood pressure cuff

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1
Q

What base line vital signs are needed, also called signs of life?

A
Respiration, pulse oximetry
Pulse
Skin
Pupils
Blood pressure
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2
Q

What are the first set of vital signs called?

A

Baseline vital signs

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3
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates ranges for adults, adolescents, children, infants, newborns?

A
Adults 8-24 per minute
Adolescents 12-20
Children 15-30
Infants 20-40
Newborns 30-60
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4
Q

What are 4 types of respiratory quality?

A

Normal
Shallow
Labored
Noisy

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5
Q

What is a pulse?

A

The pressure wave generated by the contraction of the left ventricle

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6
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Heart rate over 100 bpm

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7
Q

What is bradycardia

A

Heart rate less than 60 bpm

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8
Q

What should the skin be checked for?

A

Color, temperature, condition, and capillary refill

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9
Q

What is capillary refill?

A

The time it takes for compresses capillaries to refill with blood

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10
Q

What are the normal rates for capillary refill for adults, children, infants, females and the elderly?

A

Adults, children and infants - 2 seconds
Females - 3 seconds
Elderly - 4 seconds

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11
Q

When checking a patients pupils what do you look for?

A

Size - dilated or constricted
Equality - pupils of the same size
Reactivity - pupils changing size in response to light

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12
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure that is exerted on the walls of the arteries by the blood flowing through them

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13
Q

Amount of pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction and ejection of blood from the left ventricle

A

Systolic blood pressure

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14
Q

The amount of pressure on the artery walls while the ventricle is at rest

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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15
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures

16
Q

What are the ways to measure blood pressure

A

Auscultation - listening for sounds through a stethoscope

Palpation - feel for the pulse

17
Q

What is pulse oximetry?

A

Method of detecting hypoxia in patients by measuring oxygen saturation levels in the blood

18
Q

What are the normal and low ranges for pulse oximeter reading?

A

Normal - 97-100%

Low - 94 and below

19
Q

What is Pulsus paradoxus?

A

The decrees of the pulse during inhalation of the patient

20
Q

What is orthostatic vital signs?

A

When you suspect a patient of having volume loss, you take there blood pressure in a supine position and the again standing.

21
Q

What does the mnemonic SAMPLE stand for?

A
S - signs and symptoms
A - allergies
M - medications
P - pertinent past history
L - last oral intake 
E - events leading to injury or illness
22
Q

What does the mnemonic OPQRST stand for?

A
O - onset
P - provocation/position
Q - quality
R - radiation
S - severity
T - time