Chapter 7

Question 1

Non-Communicable diseases

Answer 1

Non-communicable diseases are not contagious or transferable from one human to another. Random genetic abnormalities, heredity, lifestyle or environment can cause non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, hypertension and osteoporosis.

Question 2

Cancer

Answer 2

Mass of abnormally growing cells

Question 3

Benign tumour

Answer 3

Contained in one are, does not invade other parts of the body but can grow very quickly and large.

Question 4

Malignant tumour

Answer 4

Invade and spread to different parts of the body (aka cancer)

Question 5

What health problems do the two different tumours cause?

Answer 5

Malignant tumours disrupts normal tissues or if left untratedcan cause death.
Benign tumours can cause pressure on the organ eg the brain as there is no space for them to grow into.

Question 6

Causes of cancer

Answer 6

Genetics, carcinogens e.g. tar, ionising radiation; UV light, X rays

Question 7

Chemotherapy

Answer 7

Chemicals are used to either stop the cancer or cells dividing or self destruct. Many different types.
Benefits: Treat cancer or gain extra life
Risks: Immune system gets weakened, nausea, hair loss.

Question 8

Radiotherapy

Answer 8

Destroys cancer cells by targeted doses of radiation. This stops mitosis in the cancer cells.
Benefits: Relieve pain and pressure by shrinking the tumour.
Risks: Damage healthy cells

Question 9

Smoking

Answer 9

•Tar - Black and sticky: goes to the lungs = aveoli, less surface area
Carcinogens = cancer, throat and lung.
Bronchitis
•Nicotine - Addictive = relax feeling
•Carbon monoxide - Poisonous gas: takes up space in red blood cells, reduces oxygen capacity = shortness of breathe.

Question 10

Pregnancy smokers

Answer 10

Still birth, premature = low weight

Question 11

Alcohol

Answer 11

Alcohol affects the body.
Short-Term: Nausea, affect brain (memory loss), lower inhibitions, reactions - nerve system.
Long-Term: Liver failure = Liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, brain damage.

Question 12

Diet and exercise

Answer 12

Exercise uses oxygen for respiration, respiration system increases, metabolic rate.
Obesity causes damage on health. Not enough exercise causes a fatty build up by not using energy. Take in more food than you need, excess is stored as fat.

Question 13

Health problems caused by poor lifestyles choices such as overeating, unhealthy diet and lack of exercise.

Answer 13

Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Coronary heart disease

Question 14

Suggest steps that could be taken to prevent these health problems.

Answer 14

• Regular exercise

- Healthy, balanced diet