Chapter 13 - 15

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

• One person
• Offspring is identical to the parent
• No fusion of gametes or mixing of genetic information.

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

• Involves the joining of male and female gametes producing genetic variation in the offspring.

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

• Two-stage process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number of daughter cells.
• It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

A cell that has the full number of chromosomes.

Question 5

Haploid

Answer 5

A cell that has half the number of chromosomes

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

Form of gene

Question 7

Homozygote

Answer 7

Individual with two identical alleles for a characterisitc

Question 8

Heterozygote

Answer 8

Individual with different alleles for a characterisitc

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Physical appearance of an individual for a particular characteristic

Question 11

Domiant

Answer 11

Dominant allele will always be expressed in the phenotype even if only one of the alleles is inherited

Question 12

Recessive

Answer 12

Alleles that are only shown if there are two copies

Question 13

Mutation

Answer 13

Change in DNA

Question 14

Sex chromosomes

Answer 14

X and Y chromosomes determine your gender

Question 15

Polydactly

Answer 15

Dominant inherited disorder that results in babies born with extra fingers/toes

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

Inherited (through a recessive allele) disorder that effects the lungs, digestive and reproductive system

Question 17

Carriers

Answer 17

Individual whose genotype holds one recessive allele for an inherited disorder, but has a normal phenotype

Question 18

Genetic engineering

Answer 18

Process by which scientists can manipulate and change the genotype of an organism

Question 19

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - testing whether a baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition.

Answer 19

Taking a sample of tissues from the placenta of a pregnant woman. The tissues provides fetal cells that are then used for genetic screening.

Question 20

Amniocentesis - testing whether a baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition.

Answer 20

Taking some of the fluid from around a developing fetus, which contains fetal cells. These cells are then used for genetic screening.

Question 21

Natural selection

Answer 21

Process by which evolution takes place

Question 22

Selective breeding

Answer 22

Selecting animals or plants for breeding that have a required characteristic

Question 23

Fossils

Answer 23

Remains of organisms from millions of years ago

Question 24

Extinction

Answer 24

Permanent loss of all organisms of species

Question 25

Antibiotic restistance

Answer 25

Bacteria that are no longer killed by an antibiotic

Question 26

MRSA

Answer 26

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that is resistant to many antibiotics

Question 27

Classification

Answer 27

Organisation of living organisms into groups according to similarities

Question 28

Domain

Answer 28

Group at the highest level of classification

Question 29

Species

Answer 29

Smallest group of clearly identified organisms in classification. Often described as a group of organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring