Chapter 6

Question 1

Preventing and treating diseases

Answer 1

Vaccination, antibiotics and painkillers.

Question 2

What is a vaccine?

Answer 2

Vaccine contains antigens of dead or inactive forms of the pathogen.

Question 3

Explain how a vaccine prevents infection.

Answer 3

Use the bodies natural defences such as white blood cells; produce antibodies that rapidly produce and kill pathogens. To help build immunity to disease when germs invade the body, they attack and multiply.

Question 4

Antibiotics

Answer 4

Treator preventsome types of bacterial infection by killing bacteria or preventing them fromreproducing and spreading.

Question 5

Painkillers

Answer 5

Treat symptoms of a disease.

Question 6

Drug trials

Answer 6

Drugs are tested for toxicity, efficacy, dose.
Preclinical trials: drug tested on cells, tissues, live animals
Clinical trials: drug tested on healthy volunteers and patients
Double blind trial: neither doctor nor patient know if they receive the real drug of a placebo

Question 7

Apart from measles, which two other diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?

Answer 7

Mumps and Rubella

Question 8

Antibiotics can only be used to treat some infections.

Explain why antibiotics cannot be used to treat measles.

Answer 8

Measles cannot be treated by antibiotics that only work against bacteria and not viruses. Due to measles being a virus; antibiotics can’t treat them.

Question 9

Why do antibiotics become less useful at treating an infection if the antibiotic is overused?

Answer 9

Overtime, bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.

Question 10

Herd immunity

Answer 10

when a large number of people are immune the incidence of disease is decreased.