Chapter 5 Flashcards
Communicable diseases
Infectious, caused by pathogens.
A pathogen
Microorganism that causes diseases eg. bacteria, virus, fungi.
Can be spread via direct contact, air or water.
Bacteria
Small, single-celled organisms which reproduce rapidly.
Cause disease by producing toxins.
Virus
Made up of genetic material in a protein. They are not living and can only grow and reproduce inside a living organism.
Viruses take over cells in your body.
As they reproduce they damage and destroy cells.
Viral Diseases - Measles
- Fever, red rash
- Coughs and sneezes
- Children vaccinated, Isolate the infected
Viral Diseases - HIV
- Flu-like symptoms, Damages the immune system
- Sexual contact, Exchange of bodily fluids
- Protection, Don’t share needles, Bottle feed babies, Anti-retroviral drugs
Viral Diseases - Tobacco Mosaic Virus
- Mosaic pattern of discoloration, Growth affected
- Direct contact, Insects as vectors
- Good field hygiene, Good pest control
Bacterial virus - Salmonella
- Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
- Eating uncooked/Raw food
- Poultry are vaccinated in the UK
- No antibiotics, last a few days
Bacterial virus - Gonorrhoea
- Yellow/green discharge, pain in urinating, can be symptomless
- Unprotected sex
- Barrier method contraception
- Antibiotics
Fungal diseases - Rose black dot
- Black spots/turn yellow and drop early, affect growth of plant - reduced photosynthesis
- Wind or water
- Fungicides, removing and destroying affected leaves
Malaria
- Plasmodium protist
- Female mosquito
- Episodes of fever
- Nets, insecticides
Human defence systems
Nose hairs, scabs, tears and eyelashes.
Saliva and tears contains antibacterial enzymes
Stomach acid lowers pH killing harmful microbes
Mucus linings traps dirt and microbes
