Chapter 1

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells - Plant & animal cells

Answer 1

Have a nucleus.

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Don’t have a nucleus, chloroplasts or mitochondria.

Question 3

Orders of magnitude

Answer 3

Used to make approximate comparisons.
One order of magnitude = 10
Two order of magnitude = 100

Question 4

Parts of a plant cell

Answer 4

• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• Cell wall/cellulose
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Vacuole
• Chloroplasts
• Nucleus

Question 5

Functions of the cell membrane

Answer 5

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

Question 6

Functions of the ribosomes

Answer 6

Where proteins are made

Question 7

Functions of the cell wall

Answer 7

Supports and strengthens the cell

Question 8

Functions of the mitochondria

Answer 8

Where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place

Question 9

Functions of the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Where most chemical reactions happen, contains lots of enzymes to control these reactions

Question 10

Functions of the vacuole

Answer 10

Contains cell sap

Question 11

Functions of the chloroplasts

Answer 11

Where photosynthesis occurs

Question 12

Functions of the nucleus

Answer 12

Controls cell activities and holds DNA

Question 13

Magnification calculations

Answer 13

size of image ÷ size of real object
size of real object X magnification
magnification ÷ size of image

Question 14

Cell differentiation

Answer 14

Cell differentiate to become specialised

• Stem cells
• Cardiac cells
• Nerve cells
• Blood cells
• Muscle cells
• Intestinal cells
• Liver cells

Question 15

Specialised cells

Answer 15

• Nerve cell
• Muscle cell
• Sperm cell
• Xylem cell
• Phloem cell
• Root hair cell

Question 16

Functions of specialised cells

Answer 16

• Nerve cell: Carry electrical signals around the body
• Muscle cell: To contract
• Sperm cell: Fertilise egg cells
• Xylem cell: Transport water & minerals
• Phloem cell: Transport sugar
• Root hair cell: Take up water & minerals

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

Spreading out of particles from a high to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient.

Question 18

Diffusion in cells

Answer 18

In: Carbon dioxide & urea
Out: Oxygen & glucose

Question 19

Where does diffusion happen?

Answer 19

Cell membrane - larger the surface area the higher the rate of diffusion.
High temperatures = more kinetic energy and the steeper the concentration gradient, faster diffusion takes place

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 21

Active transport - requires energy

Answer 21

Moves substances against a concentration gradient (from low - high)

Question 22

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 22

A high surface area compared to volume means that an organism can exchange substances with its environment easily.

Question 23

Calculate surface area

Answer 23

area = length x width

Question 24

Calculate volume of a cube

Answer 24

volume = height x width x length

Question 25

Large organisms are adapted to maximise exchange

Answer 25

• Exchange surfaces like the lungs and small intestine

- Transport systems like the circulatory system