Chapter 7

Question 1

What was the nullification crisis?

Answer 1

Stated that South Carolina could nullify any congressional acts they saw as unconstitutional. They suspended all federal laws in the state and threatened to cede from the Union. This was not allowed, however, and Jackson said he would use force in necessary to preserve the Union.

Question 2

What was Jackson’s stance on equality, banking, Indians, and nullification?

Answer 2

Equality: All men should have an opportunity to succeed (white males)
Banking: The states should control currency, and there should be no national bank to control federal funds and currency.
Indians: They are better far away. They are barbarians and should be removed.
Nullification: It is Unconstitutional and the Union will be preserved.

Question 3

What was Jackson’s early life like?

Answer 3

Very hard. He lost his dad and brothers, and he fought in the Revolutionary War, as well as the War of 1812 in the Battle of New Orleans.

Question 4

Who was the leader of the Seminole Indians?

Answer 4

Osceola

Question 5

What was Jefferson’s opinion of Jackson?

Answer 5

Thought he was a violent individual

Question 6

What was the Peggy Eaton Affair?

Answer 6

Her husband, O’Neil committed suicide be she was running around with Eaton, who was part of the president’s cabinet. The wives of the men were bashing her because of what Calhoun said about her, and Jackson never forgave him for it.

Question 7

What was the Maysville Road Project?

Answer 7

Road going from east to west in Kentucky.

Question 8

What federal project did Jackson support?

Answer 8

National Road spanning form the east to the west across multiple states.

Question 9

What was happening to South Carolina economically in 1820?

Answer 9

There was a depression due to the decrease in cotton prices.

Question 10

What did the South Carolina Exposition and protest say?

Answer 10

It said that states could nullify acts of congress that they found unconstitutional.

Question 11

In the Webster v. Hayne debate, who was the eloquent speaker?

Answer 11

Daniel Webster

Question 12

What was Daniel Webster’s stance on nullification?

Answer 12

Against it. Says the east has always supported the west, and that no state could nullify or cede from the Union without a Civil War. The Revolution was a crusade of the United Colonies as a whole true sovereignty.

Question 13

What was Robert Hayne’s stance on nullification?

Answer 13

HE thought the tariff had to be lowered. In order to do that, he proposed that we sell western land cheap to develop it in support of lowering the tariff.

Question 14

Who came up with the Compromise Tariff that would end the nullification crisis?

Answer 14

Henry Clay

Question 15

Who was Chief Black Hawk?

Answer 15

He led a resistance in Illinois, becoming known as the Black Hawk War, to get their land back. However, they were unsuccessful and were pushed back into Wisconsin Territory.

Question 16

What were Jackson’s feelings on the National Bank and what the funds should be used for?

Answer 16

He thought the National Bank was an unnecessary element in the country that supported the rich and oppressed the poor. HE thought the funds should be used for National improvements.

Question 17

What were pet banks and how did they get their money?

Answer 17

Pet Banks were state banks that Jackson transferred money to.

Question 18

What was Specie Circular?

Answer 18

Specie Circular stated that the government would only accept gold and silver as payment for land, not allowing common people to buy. This happened because Jackson hated paper money and allowed states to control their own money.

Question 19

How did Whigs get their name?

Answer 19

They got it from the English name for those who opposed tyranny. They chose this because they saw Jackson as a king towards the end of his term.

Question 20

How did Van Buren get his nickname, “Little Magician”?

Answer 20

Through his political maneuverability.

Question 21

Who wass William Henry Harrison and what did he do?

Answer 21

He was part of the Whig party, who later became president. He was involved in the Battle of Tipecanoe.

Question 22

Describe and explain the nullification controversy.

Answer 22

The nullification controversy began with the Tariff of 1828 which favored northern manufacturers. Because of this, South Carolina, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun came up with the South Carolina exposition and protest. In this, they said that they could nullify any congressional act they deemed unconstitutional and cede from the Union if necessary. In response to this, Jackson said he would preserve the Union at all costs, and Webster responded with a statement about a civil war. Because of the possibility of a war, Henry Clay came up with a compromise that would lower the tariff over 10 years, ending the nullification controversy.

Question 23

Describe Jackson’s Indian Policy and how the Indians faired.

Answer 23

In Jackson’s policy, he would move all the Indians west of the Mississippi and into the plains. He did this because he claimed that no one wanted the useless land. In response to this, most tribes went with it because they were too weak to resist. However, the Cherokee and Seminole tribes resisted for a bit before they couldn’t hold up any longer. When the United States took over their land, tribes were forced to walk 800 miles west along the Trail of Tears. In. The policy, Indians were called barbarians and he said they were better off out of the way. The Cherokee Indians who did stay were on a reservation in Northern Georgia, and they were allowed to be there until they chose to give it up. When they finally accepted $5 million, they were forced to move. In the end, the Indians were treated very poorly, and were threatened with force if they did not do as the government said.

Question 24

Who is John C. Calhoun?

Answer 24

1. Nullification theory
2. Resigned as Jackson’s Vice President
3. Wanted Jackson to get in trouble for his escapades in Florida.