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H. US History > Articles of Confederation > Flashcards

Articles of Confederation Flashcards

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1
Q

What did most northern states do before the Constitution was established?

A

Abolish slavery

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2
Q

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

A
  1. Stated that a state was subject to a governor, secretary, and three judges that were chosen by congress.
  2. When a territory has 5,000 free men, they can choose to have an elected assembly and Congress would name the governor.
  3. Once a territory had 60,000 free inhabitants, they could draft a Constitution and apply for statehood.
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3
Q

Who brought up the 640 acre plots?

A

Thomas Jefferson / Congress

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4
Q

How did a territory become a state?

A

Once a territory had 60,000 free inhabitants, it could apply for statehood.

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5
Q

What two branches of government were combined in the Articles of Confederation?

A

The legislative and executive branches

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6
Q

What was the United States’ problem with England and Spain?

A
  1. Spain and England kept military posts in the U.S.

2. Spain would not let the U.S. use the Mississippi River.

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7
Q

What was Shay’s Rebellion?

A
  1. In 1780, Massachusetts had a large war debt and decided to levy a high tax to pay it off. It fell on the farmers and the poor.
  2. The state would not change it, and Dan Shays would lead a rebellion and go after the Federal Armory.
  3. Had 1200 men in 1787.
  4. Proposed to pay using their wheat and corn, but were turned down.
  5. The state militia breaks up the rebellion, and then the government decides to change it, leading to Conservatism and Nationalism.
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8
Q

Who was at the Constitutional Convention?

A

Ben Frankiln, James Madison, George Mason, Governor Morris, James Wilson, George Washington, and others.

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9
Q

Why did the Constitutional Convention meet?

A

To revise the Articles of Confederation.

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10
Q

Who was the political philosopher at the Constitutional Convention?

A

James Madison

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11
Q

Who wrote the Virginia Plan?

A

James Madison

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12
Q

What ideas were in the Virginia Plan?

A
  1. 3 Branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
  2. True National government - All laws binding citizens and states.
  3. Under the legislative branch, there would be two houses. THe House of Representatives was the lower house that would be voted on by the people. The Senate, or the Upper House, would be appointed by the state.
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13
Q

Who wrote the New Jersey Plan?

A

James Patterson

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14
Q

What ideas were expressed in the New Jersey Plan?

A
  1. Unicarmel congress - Each state has the same representation in one house.
  2. Congress would name a plural executive - No veto power.
  3. Supreme Court - Federal court system.
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15
Q

Which type of states liked each plan?

A

VA Plan - Larger states

NJ Plan - Smaller States

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16
Q

What two issues fif each plan present?

A
  1. Amend the Articles or make a new document

2. How would representation be selected - Fixed or by population.

17
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A
  1. Proposed by Roger Sherman, making it known as The Connecticut Plan.
  2. House of Representatives - Based on population and voted on by the people.
  3. The Senate would have a fixed number of 2 representatives from each state that were appointed by the states.
18
Q

What could the president NOT do?

A
  1. Declare war - that was Congress’s job.
  2. Make peace
  3. Could be impeached by Congress
19
Q

What must the President do?

A
  1. veto - 2/3 vote by congress could over turn it
  2. Commander of the armed forces.
  3. Execute the laws.
  4. Negotiate treaties with 1/3 vote of the senate.
  5. Appoint judges, diplomats, and other officials with a majority vote from the senate
  6. Must give an annual state of the union address.
20
Q

What did delegates say Congress must be as part of the Great Compromise?

A
  1. A strong and central government.
  2. Have the ability to tax
  3. Regulate commerce
  4. Maintain an army and a navy
  5. Make laws binding.
21
Q

What did the Great Compromise say the states could not do?

A
  1. Issue money
  2. Void contracts
  3. Make treaties
  4. levy tariffs
  5. Wage war
22
Q

What must the Supreme Court have?

A

A chief Justice

23
Q

What must the Supreme Court have a majority of?

A

Justice votes

24
Q

What does Article 6 f the Constitution state?

A

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

25
Q

How do amendments get proposed?

A

The amendment must be approved by a 2/3 vote of each house or a national convention where 3/4 of the states approve.

26
Q

Who wrote The Federalist?

A
  1. Alexander Hamilton - wrote 50 articles
  2. James Madison - wrote 30 articles
  3. John Jay - wrote 5 articles.
27
Q

What was The Federalist?

A
  1. A collection of 80 essays written between 1787-1788 that supported the Constitution.
  2. Said National Authority would stop tryanny
28
Q

What did article 10 of The Federalist state?

A

Because of size, people could not manipulate the country

Size and Diversity

29
Q

Who were the Anti-Federalists?

A
  1. Patrick Henry and Sam Adams
  2. Felt that the Constitution was a betrayal of the Revolution because of the way it was written.
  3. Wanted to include a Bill of Rights to protect the citizens.
30
Q

Who was the last state to ratify the Constitution?

A

Rhode Island

31
Q

How did Frankiln and Washington feel about the Constitution?

A

Not optimistic.
Thought it would fail
Washington worse than Franklin, thinking it would only last 20 years.

32
Q

What were the major compromises that took place and what issues did they settle?

A
  1. Bill of Rights - Gave the citizens of the U.S. established rights. Took care of Patrick Henry’s problem with it and allowed Virginia to sign on, with New York following.
  2. 3/5 Compromise - Counted each slave as 3/5 of a person for population and taxation purposes. Only way to get southern states to sign the Constitution.
  3. Great Compromise - Combined the NJ Plan and the VA Plan to make both small and large states happy. Stated new regulations regarding the House of Representatives and the Senate and included general ideas for what Congress could do and what states could not do.
33
Q

Define the Virginia and New Jersey Plans in detail.

A

VA Plan - 3 branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Divided congress into 2 houses - House of Representatives, which would be voted on by the people, and the Senate, which would be appointed by the state.
NJ Plan - Unicarmel government - each state has the same representation. Congress would name a plural executive who would have no veto power. Would have a federal court system.

34
Q

What did John Dickinson do?

A

Headed the Community - Central government had little authority, Congress as an collective body, Legislative body acts as executive.

H. US History (14 decks)

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