2nd Half Of Civil War Flashcards
What did the Union forces do at Petersburg?
They sieged Lee in Petersburg after the Battle of Wilderness.
What did Sherman do on his march to the sea?
He went after the Confederates in Georgia, defeating them physically and mentally. He Created a 20-60 mile wide path of destruction between Atlanta and Savannah.
What takes place at Appomattox Court House?
Lee met with Grant to tender surrender. 3 days later, Confederate soldiers formed ranks and formally surrendered, walking out to a Union salute.
Confederate Victories
- 2nd Battle of Bull Run
- Battle of Fredericksburg
- Battle of Chancellorsville
Union Victories
- Battle of Chattanooga
- Battle of Wilderness/Petersburg
- Battle of Vicksburg
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Battle of Antietam
- Battle at Malvern Hill
What did Sherman want to do to the Confederate morale?
He wanted to defeat them mentally, forcing them to want to stop fighting.
What was the theme of Lincoln’s 2nd inaugural address?
It was a sermon. He hoped for peace through Christian values and wanted the Union to become one again.
Death Tolls
Union: 360,000 dead; 275,000 wounded
Confederates: 260,00 dead, 225,000 wounded
What did Jefferson Davis do towards the end of the war?
He would not surrender and wanted to fight a guerrilla war with children picking up guns.
What had happened to StonewallJackson?
He was hit by friendly fire in the Battle of Chancellorsville, and got an infection that liked to death.
Who was Sherman?
He led a march through the south that destroyed almost all of Georgia, deteriorating the South’s overall state and beating the Confederates in many toe to toe battles along the way.
What was George McClellan’s role?
He was the commander of the Union forces, by lacked urgency. He was replaced b y Grant who got the job done. McClellan ran for office in 1864 against Lincoln, but lost, winning only 3 states as a democrat.
Who was Andrew Johnston
He was a commander in the Confederates in North Carolina. He was supposed to meet up with Lee, but was forced to surrender to Sherman before so.
Why did the North win the war?
The North won the war for many reasons:
- Strengths/advantages - Manufacturing, transportation, men.
- Military leaders in Sherman and Grant - ruthless, winning minds, knew what war was like, Won major battles that destroyed the Confederate morale and numbers.
- Won the Battle of Gettysburg - Pushed up a hill and defended their ground.
- Cut off Lee at Appomattox - Forced the south to surrender.
- Death of Stonewall Jackson - South was down a key leader, left everything up to Lee, boosted Union morale
- Battle of Vicksburg - Cut off supplies and successfully split the south in two.
Why did the south lose at Gettysburg?
- Lee wanted a victory in the north, but rushed into it.
- On June 30, 1863, Confederates go into town and see the Union soldiers, starting one of the bloodiest battles.
- On July 1, the first day of battle, the Confederates pushed the Union forces out of Gettysburg, but into a stronger position on higher ground. The Union held positions on Cemetery Ridge, Little Rounf Top, Big Round Top, Culprit Hill, and Seminary Ridge. Commander George Meade hastened reinforcements along the grounds.
- On July 2, the Confederates launched a furious assault up hill against Meade, but the Union outnumber them 2 to 1 and the assaults were repulsed.
- On July 3, Lee put everything on the line as a final attack at the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. At 2p, General Pickett’s men (15,000) emerged from the woods west of Cemetery Ridge and began a brave suicidal advance across rising open ground. The charge was hopeless as they were slaughtered starting at 700 yards out by artillery fire. In 1 hour, all his men were dead. Lee wanted to charge again, but Pickett solemnly said he had no men left. They retreated, but the Union did not follow as they were exhausted. If they followed, Lee could have been taken and ended the war. All in all, the South was depleted. They put so much into the war, but couldn’t finish.
The south was at a disadvantage because they were outnumbered 2 to 1 to begin with, and then they pushed the Union forces to the higher ground where they were able to pick off the Confederates as they tried to charge up the hill.
