chapter 7 Flashcards
valence electrons
electrons in the highest occupied energy level
number of valence electrons determines
chemical properties of an element
lewis dot structures
show valence electrons as dots
octet rule
in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron config of a noble gas
noble gases are
unreactive in chemical reactions
atoms of which elemnts tend to lose valence electrons?
metals
atoms of which elements tend to gain electrons?
nonmetals
cations
positive, formed by loss of electrons
anions
negative, formed by gaining electrons
metals make
cations
nonmetals make
anions
halide ions
produced when halogens gain electrons
ionic compounds
compounds composed of cations and anions
ionic bonds
electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds
formula unit
lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
properties of iconic compounds
solid at room temp, high melting points, good conductors when a solution or melted
structure of ionic compounds
crystalline
coordination number
number of ions of opposite charge that surrounded the ion in a crystal
valence elcectrons of metal atoms can be modeled as
sea of electrons
metals are
ductile
exceptions to octet rule
hydrogen, boron needs 6, some elemts in period 3 or higher can have more than 8
alloys
mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal