chapter 5 Flashcards
what could rutherford’s atomic model not do?
explain chemical properties of elements (why they change when heated?)
what was bohr’s proposal?
an electron is found in specific circular paths/orbits around the nucleus
fixed energies an electron can have
energy levels
quantum of energy
amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another
the energy levels of an atom are not
equally spaced
the higher the energy level occupied by an atom,
the less energy it takes to move from that energy level to the next highest
what does the quantum mechanical model do?
determines the allowed energies an atom can have + the likeliness of finding an electron in various locations around the nucleus
who devised the quantum mechanical model?
erin schrodinger
the probability of finding an electron within a certain volume of space surrounding the nucleus can be represented by
A FUZzy cloud
the probability is higher
where the cloud is more dense
s orbitals are
sphere shaped
p orbitals are
dumbbell shaped
s, p, d, f number of orbitals
1, 3, 5, 7
each orbital can hold how many electrons
2
each sublevel can hold how many electrons
2, 6, 10, 14
aufbau principle
electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
pauli exclusion principle
an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons
two electrons must have
opposite spins
hund’s rule
electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible
