chapter 16 Flashcards
factors that determine how fast a substance dissolves
stirring, temperature, surface area of dissolving particles
why does striring affect dissolving
fresh solvent is continually brought into contact with the surface of the solute
saturated solution
maximum amount of solute for a given quantity f solvent at a givern temperature and pressure
unsaturated solution
contains less solute than a saurated solution at a given temp and pressure
in a saturated solution,
the rate of dissolving equals the rate of crysallization
solubility
amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specififc tem and pressure to produce a saturated solution
solubility is expressed in
grams of solut eper 100 g of solvent
miscible
if they dissolve in each other
immiscible
if they are insoluble in each other
oil and water are
immiscible
the solubility of most solid substances
increases as the temp of the solvent increases
the solubilites of mos gases are
greater in cold water tha in hot
supersaturated solution
contains more solute than it can theorteically hold at a gven temperature
what initiazes crystallisation in a saturated solution
a seed crystal
gas solbuility increases as
the partial pressures of the gas increases
concentration
a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
a dilute solution
contains a small amount of solute
a concentrated solution
contains a large amount of solute
molarity
number of moles of solute disslved in one liter solution
diluting a solutiobn reduces the number of moles of solute per unit volume,
but the total number of moles of solute i solution does not change
a property that depends only upon the number of solute particles and not upon their identity
colligative property
three inprotant colligative proporties
vapor pressure lowering, boiling poin elvation freezing ppint depression
in a pure solvent
equilibrium is estabkished between the liquid and the vapor
in a solution, equlibrium is established at
a lower vapor pressure
the decrease in a solutions vapor pressure is
proportional to the number of particles the solute makes in a solution
freezing point depression
difference in temperature betweenthe freezing point of a soluton and the freezing pointof the pure solvent
boiling point elevation
the difference in temperature btetween the boiling point of a solution and the boilign point of a pure solvent