ch 15

Question 1

the intermolecular attraction among water molecules results in

Answer 1

the formation of hydrogen bonds

Question 2

surface tension

Answer 2

the inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

Question 3

water has a _____ surface tension

Answer 3

high

Question 4

surfactant

Answer 4

any substanec that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and therefore reduces surface tension

Question 5

water has _____ vapor pressure

Answer 5

low because of hydrogen bonds

Question 6

the structure of ice is

Answer 6

a regular open framework of water molecules arrnaged like a honeycomb

Question 7

the molar heat of fusion

Answer 7

heat absorbed by one mole of a solid subtsance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temp

Question 8

the molar heat of solidification

Answer 8

the heat lost when one mole of a liquid solidifies at a constant temp

Question 9

the quantity of heat absorbed by a melting solid is

Answer 9

exactly the same as the quantity of heat released when the liquid solidifies

Question 10

the molar heat of vaporization

Answer 10

the amount of heat necessary to vaporoize one mole of a given liquid

Question 11

aqueous solution

Answer 11

water that contains dissolved substances

Question 12

solvent

Answer 12

the dissolving agent

Question 13

solute

Answer 13

the dissolved particles

Question 14

a _____ dissolves the _____

Answer 14

solvent, solute

Question 15

solvents and solutes may be

Answer 15

gases, liquids, or solids

Question 16

solute particles can be

Answer 16

atoms, ions, molecules

Question 17

solvation

Answer 17

the process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules

Question 18

polar solvents dissolve

Answer 18

ionic and polar compounds

Question 19

nonpolar solvents dissolve

Answer 19

nonpolar compounds

Question 20

electrolyte

Answer 20

a compound that conducts an electric current in an aqueous solution

Question 21

all ionic compounds are

Answer 21

eloctrolytes because they dissociate into ions

Question 22

weak electrolyte

Answer 22

conducts electricity only in a fraction of the solute

Question 23

nonelectrolyte

Answer 23

a compound that does not donduct an electric current

Question 24

hydrate

Answer 24

a compound that contains water of hydration

Question 25

efflorescent hydrates

Answer 25

a hydrate that will give water to the air if the air is drier

Question 26

hygroscopic hydrates

Answer 26

a hydrate that will remove h2o from the air

Question 27

deliquescent

Answer 27

will remove h2o fro the air until it is a solution

Question 28

suspension

Answer 28

a mixture from which particles settle out upon standing

Question 29

the particles of a suspension are much _____

Answer 29

larger

Question 30

suspensions are

Answer 30

heterogeneous

Question 31

colloid

Answer 31

a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that range in size from 1nm to 1000 nm

Question 32

the tyndall effect

Answer 32

the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles

Question 33

solutions do not

Answer 33

scatter light

Question 34

brownian motion

Answer 34

the chaoitc movement of colloidial particles

Question 35

brownian motion is caused by

Answer 35

the collisions of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the small colloidal partciesl

Question 36

a colloidal system can be destroyed by

Answer 36

the addition of ions that have a charge opposite to that of the colloidal particles

Question 37

emulsions

Answer 37

a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid

Question 38

an ______ is essential for the formation of an emulsion

Answer 38

emulsifying agent

Question 39

cohesion

Answer 39

water molecules sticking t themselves

Question 40

adhesion

Answer 40

water molcules sticking to other substances

Question 41

capillary action

Answer 41

the adhesion to the walls of a substance is stronger than water's cohesion to itselfl

Question 42

how many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule form

Answer 42

4

Question 43

specific heat

Answer 43

the heat reqired to raise the temp by 1 C

Question 44

why does water have high specific heat

Answer 44

hydrogen bonds

Question 45

hydrophobic

Answer 45

repels water

Question 46

hydrophillic

Answer 46

can mix with water

Question 47

miscibile

Answer 47

forming a homogeneous mixture when added together