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chem > ch 15 > Flashcards

ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

the intermolecular attraction among water molecules results in

A

the formation of hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

surface tension

A

the inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

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3
Q

water has a _____ surface tension

A

high

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4
Q

surfactant

A

any substanec that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and therefore reduces surface tension

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5
Q

water has _____ vapor pressure

A

low because of hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

the structure of ice is

A

a regular open framework of water molecules arrnaged like a honeycomb

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7
Q

the molar heat of fusion

A

heat absorbed by one mole of a solid subtsance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temp

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8
Q

the molar heat of solidification

A

the heat lost when one mole of a liquid solidifies at a constant temp

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9
Q

the quantity of heat absorbed by a melting solid is

A

exactly the same as the quantity of heat released when the liquid solidifies

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10
Q

the molar heat of vaporization

A

the amount of heat necessary to vaporoize one mole of a given liquid

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11
Q

aqueous solution

A

water that contains dissolved substances

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12
Q

solvent

A

the dissolving agent

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13
Q

solute

A

the dissolved particles

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14
Q

a _____ dissolves the _____

A

solvent, solute

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15
Q

solvents and solutes may be

A

gases, liquids, or solids

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16
Q

solute particles can be

A

atoms, ions, molecules

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17
Q

solvation

A

the process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules

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18
Q

polar solvents dissolve

A

ionic and polar compounds

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19
Q

nonpolar solvents dissolve

A

nonpolar compounds

20
Q

electrolyte

A

a compound that conducts an electric current in an aqueous solution

21
Q

all ionic compounds are

A

eloctrolytes because they dissociate into ions

22
Q

weak electrolyte

A

conducts electricity only in a fraction of the solute

23
Q

nonelectrolyte

A

a compound that does not donduct an electric current

24
Q

hydrate

A

a compound that contains water of hydration

25
Q

efflorescent hydrates

A

a hydrate that will give water to the air if the air is drier

26
Q

hygroscopic hydrates

A

a hydrate that will remove h2o from the air

27
Q

deliquescent

A

will remove h2o fro the air until it is a solution

28
Q

suspension

A

a mixture from which particles settle out upon standing

29
Q

the particles of a suspension are much _____

A

larger

30
Q

suspensions are

A

heterogeneous

31
Q

colloid

A

a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that range in size from 1nm to 1000 nm

32
Q

the tyndall effect

A

the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles

33
Q

solutions do not

A

scatter light

34
Q

brownian motion

A

the chaoitc movement of colloidial particles

35
Q

brownian motion is caused by

A

the collisions of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the small colloidal partciesl

36
Q

a colloidal system can be destroyed by

A

the addition of ions that have a charge opposite to that of the colloidal particles

37
Q

emulsions

A

a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid

38
Q

an ______ is essential for the formation of an emulsion

A

emulsifying agent

39
Q

cohesion

A

water molecules sticking t themselves

40
Q

adhesion

A

water molcules sticking to other substances

41
Q

capillary action

A

the adhesion to the walls of a substance is stronger than water’s cohesion to itselfl

42
Q

how many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule form

A

4

43
Q

specific heat

A

the heat reqired to raise the temp by 1 C

44
Q

why does water have high specific heat

A

hydrogen bonds

45
Q

hydrophobic

A

repels water

46
Q

hydrophillic

A

can mix with water

47
Q

miscibile

A

forming a homogeneous mixture when added together

chem (21 decks)

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