Chapter 7

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

sustain themselves w/o consuming organic molecules

Question 2

Photoautotrophs

Answer 2

use light NRG to build organic molecules

Question 3

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 3

use chemical NRG to build organic molecules

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

consume other plants or animals or decompose organic material

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

major sites of photosynthesis in green plants. concentrated in the cells of mesophyll

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

important light absorbing pigments in chloroplasts, responsible for green colour of plants and plays central role in converting solar NRG to chemical NRG

Question 7

Stomata

Answer 7

tiny pores in the leaf that allow CO2 to enter and O to exit

Question 8

Thylakoids

Answer 8

system of interconnected membranous sacs

Question 9

Stroma

Answer 9

thick fluid in chloroplasts inner compartment

Question 10

Photosynthesis is a ____ reaction

Answer 10

redox

Question 11

Photosynthesis occurs in 2 metabolic stages

Answer 11

• Light reaction

- Calvin cycle

Question 12

Calvin cycle

Answer 12

cyclic series of reactions that assembles sugar molecule using CO2 and the NRG rich products of the light reactions

Question 13

Electromagnetic NRG

Answer 13

travels in space as waves, behaves as discrete packets of NRG (photons)

Question 14

Shorter wavelengths of light =

Answer 14

greater NRG of photon

Question 15

Photosynthetic pigments absorb NRG of visible light but only..

Answer 15

a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 16

Wavelengths now absorbed are..

Answer 16

either reflected of transmitted though the chloroplast

Question 17

3 chloroplast pigments:

Answer 17

• Chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b
• Carotenoids

Question 18

Chlorophyll a

Answer 18

absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light. reflect green

Question 19

Chlorophyll b

Answer 19

absorbs mainly blue, organa light. reflects yellow-green

Question 20

Carotenoids

Answer 20

reflect orange and yellow

Question 21

Photo-protection

Answer 21

absorb and dissipate excessive light NRG

Question 22

Pigments in chloroplasts…

Answer 22

absorb photons

Question 23

Electron take on a _____ NRG state

Answer 23

high (become excited)

Question 24

Electron is _____ at the higher NRG state

Answer 24

unstable

Question 25

Chlorophyll and other pigment molecules:

Answer 25

- absorb photons | - transfer the NRG to other pigment molecules

Question 26

Photosystem

Answer 26

consists of a number if light-harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction-centre complex

Question 27

Light-haresting complex contains..

Answer 27

various pigment molecules bound to proteins

Question 28

2 types of photosystems in light reaction:

Answer 28

- photosystem 1 | - photosystems 11

Question 29

Each type of photosystem has a characteristic...

Answer 29

reaction centre

Question 30

Photosystem 11 (P680)

Answer 30

- functions first | - P680 = pigment absorbs light w/ a wavelength of 680 nm

Question 31

Photosystem 1

Answer 31

- functions second | - P700 = absorbs light w/ a wavelength of 700 nm

Question 32

In light reaction light NRG is transformed into..

Answer 32

chem NRG of ATP and NADPH

Question 33

Between the 2 photosystems, electrons:

Answer 33

- move down an electron transport chain | - provide NRG for the synthesis of ATP

Question 34

Products if light reactions

Answer 34

- NADPH - ATP - Oxygen

Question 35

Chemiosmosis is the mechanism that..

Answer 35

- involved in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria | - generate ATP in chloroplasts

Question 36

ATP is generated because..

Answer 36

the electron transport chain (ETC) produces a concentrationgradienj of H ion cross membrane

Question 37

Photophosphylation

Answer 37

using the initial NRG from light, the ETC pumps H into the thylakoid into the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP

Question 38

To produce sugar we need:

Answer 38

- atomopheric CO2 | - ATP and NADPH generated by light reactions

Question 39

Calvin cycle uses CO2, ATP, and NADPH to produce

Answer 39

glyceradehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 40

Glycerahyde-3-phosphate

Answer 40

NRG rich 3 carbon sugar

Question 41

Steps of calvin cycle include:

Answer 41

- carbon fixation - reduction - release of G3P - regeneration of the starting molecules ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)

Question 42

Calvin cycle occurs in ..

Answer 42

the stroma chloroplasts

Question 43

Calvin cycle uses.

Answer 43

6 NADPH, 9 ATP per 1 net G3P produced

Question 44

Greenhouse effect

Answer 44

results from solar NRG warming our planet

Question 45

Light reactions occur in the ..

Answer 45

thylakoid membranes

Question 46

Calvin cycle occurs in the ...

Answer 46

stroma of the chloroplast