Chapter 6

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

uses O2 to extracts NRG from glucose with CO2 as waste product. Exergonic process that tranfers NRG from bonds in glucose to for ATP

Question 2

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are…

Answer 2

complementary

Question 3

Oxygen has a strong tendency to..

Answer 3

attract electrons

Question 4

Electrons lose _____ when it falls to oxygen

Answer 4

potential energy

Question 5

Oxidation reduction reaction

Answer 5

movement of electrons from one molecule to another. also known as redox reaction

Question 6

3 steps of cellular respiration

Answer 6

1. glycolysis
2. pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
3. oxidative

Question 7

Glycolysis occurs in the..

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

Oxidation

Answer 8

loss of electrons from one substance

Question 9

Reduction

Answer 9

addition of electrons to another substance

Question 10

Citric acid cycle

Answer 10

oxidizes pyruvate to a 2 carbon compound. supplies third stage w/ electrons

Question 11

Citric acid cycle takes place in…

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

shuttles these electrons to the electron transport chain embedded in the mitochondria

Question 13

Oxidative phosphorylation involves..

Answer 13

chemiosmosis

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

Single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps

Question 15

Chemical break down of glycolysis

Answer 15

6 carbon glucose breaks down to 2 ATP, 2 3C pyruvate, and 2 NADH

Question 16

ATP is formed in glycolysis by..

Answer 16

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 17

Intermediates

Answer 17

Compounds that for between initial reactant glucose and final product pyruvate

Question 18

2 main phases of glycolysis

Answer 18

• steps 1-4: NRG investment

- steps 5-9 NRG pay off

Question 19

In NRG investment phase..

Answer 19

NRG is consumed as 2 ATP molecules are used to energize glucose molecules

Question 20

NADH

Answer 20

high NRG electrons, lower affinity

Question 21

NADH and FADH2 are..

Answer 21

co enzymes, carry electrons, they are mobile and remove hydrogen

Question 22

In citric acid cycle, 2 molecules of ____ for each initial ____

Answer 22

acetyl CoA; glucose

Question 23

After 2 turns of the citric acid cycle the overall yield per glucose molecule is..

Answer 23

• 2 ATP
• 6 NADH
• 2 FADH2

Question 24

ATP synthase

Answer 24

control movement of electrons back down the matrix slowly

Question 25

3 categories of cellular poisons

Answer 25

- block ETC (cynanide) - inhibit ATP synthesis (oligomycin) - uncouplers (make membrane leaky to H, dinitrophenol)

Question 26

Brown fat

Answer 26

SPeical type of tissue associated w/ the generation of heat and more abundant hibernating mammal and newborn infant

Question 27

Fermentation

Answer 27

way of harvesting chemical NRG that does not require oxygen. takes advantage of glycolysis

Question 28

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 28

muscle cells and certain bacteria can oxidize NADH

Question 29

Alchohol fermentation

Answer 29

yeast oxidizes NADH back to NAD+ and convert pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol

Question 30

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 30

poisoned by oxygen

Question 31

Facultative anaerobes..

Answer 31

make ATP by fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation depending on availability of O2

Question 32

ATP is generated using..

Answer 32

fat, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 33

Fats have..

Answer 33

many NRG rich H in hydrocarbon tail

Question 34

Fat is converted into a ______ in glycolysis and acetyl CoA

Answer 34

intermediate

Question 35

Fat yields..

Answer 35

more than twice as much ATP per gram than carbohydrate or proteins

Question 36

Proteins burned for fuel..

Answer 36

last

Question 37

Amino acids converted into intermediates in ________ or ________

Answer 37

glycolysis; citric acid cycle