Chapter 3

Question 1

Organic compound

Answer 1

carbon based molecules

Question 2

Carbons share electrons to bond with up to ___ different atoms

Answer 2

four

Question 3

Hydro carbons

Answer 3

composed of hydrogen and carbon. won’t dissolve in aq’s sol’n

Question 4

Isomers

Answer 4

same chemical formula but different structure

Question 5

Functional groups definition

Answer 5

always have same atoms grouped together and added on to form completely different molecule

Question 6

Functional groups:

Answer 6

• hydroxyl
• carboxyl
• carbonyl
• amino
• phosphate
• methyl

Question 7

Hydrophilic

Answer 7

water loving. polar

Question 8

Hydrophobic

Answer 8

water fearing. non polar

Question 9

4 classes of biological molecules important to organisms

Answer 9

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. nuceic acids
4. lipids

Question 10

Dehydration reaction

Answer 10

monomers are linked together to form polymers, which removes h2o

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

polymers are broken apart by addition of h2o

Question 12

2 monomers =

Answer 12

polymer

Question 13

Macromolecule

Answer 13

Large biological molecules

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

polymere composed of thousands of monosaccharides, they’re macromolecules

Question 15

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 15

starch and glycogen. also used for energy storage

Question 16

Cellulose

Answer 16

polymer of glucose and forms call walls. helps clean out our intestines

Question 17

Chitin

Answer 17

polysaccharide used to build insect exoskeleton

Question 18

Proteins are composed of..

Answer 18

different arrangements of a common set of just 20 amino acid monomers

Question 19

Amino acids composed of…

Answer 19

amino group and carboxyl group

Question 20

Amino acids

Answer 20

linked together in a dehydration reaction, creating peptide bond

Question 21

Polypeptide

Answer 21

chain of amino acids linked by a peptide bond

Question 22

Proteins functions are..

Answer 22

• enzymes
• structural
• contractile
• defensive
• signal
• receptor
• transport
• storage

Question 23

Denaturation

Answer 23

process when a polypeptide chain unravels, losses it shape or function. relaxing of protein

Question 24

4 levels of structure conformation

Answer 24

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 25

Primary structure

Answer 25

determines the cells genetic info, the aa sequence

Question 26

Secondary structure

Answer 26

hydrogen bonding resulting in a alpha helix, or pleated sheets.

Question 27

Tertiary structure

Answer 27

covalent bonding resulting in the overal 3D shape of a polypeptide

Question 28

Quaternary

Answer 28

2 or more polypeptide chains works together to form great protein

Question 29

Gene

Answer 29

aa sequence of a polypeptide which is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 31

DNA is transcribed through...

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

ribonucleic acid

Question 33

DNA and RNA are composed of..

Answer 33

monomers called nucleotides

Question 34

Nucleotides have 3 parts

Answer 34

1. 5 carbon sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base

Question 35

Nitrogenous bases:

Answer 35

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 36

In RNA adenine pairs with..

Answer 36

Uracil

Question 37

In DNA adenine pairs with..

Answer 37

Thymine

Question 38

In DNA cytosine pairs with..

Answer 38

Guanine

Question 39

Lipid

Answer 39

consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen atom, long term NRG. non polar

Question 40

3 types of lipids

Answer 40

fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 41

Fat

Answer 41

large lipid made up of glycerol and fatty acid

Question 42

Unsaturated fats

Answer 42

FA containing 1 or more double bonds

Question 43

Saturated fats

Answer 43

maximum number of hydrogen

Question 44

Phospholipids

Answer 44

structurally similar fats, major component of all cells

Question 45

Phosolipids have a hydrophilic ___ and hydrophobic ___

Answer 45

1. head 2. tail