Chapter 3 Flashcards
Organic compound
carbon based molecules
Carbons share electrons to bond with up to ___ different atoms
four
Hydro carbons
composed of hydrogen and carbon. won’t dissolve in aq’s sol’n
Isomers
same chemical formula but different structure
Functional groups definition
always have same atoms grouped together and added on to form completely different molecule
Functional groups:
- hydroxyl
- carboxyl
- carbonyl
- amino
- phosphate
- methyl
Hydrophilic
water loving. polar
Hydrophobic
water fearing. non polar
4 classes of biological molecules important to organisms
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- nuceic acids
- lipids
Dehydration reaction
monomers are linked together to form polymers, which removes h2o
Hydrolysis
polymers are broken apart by addition of h2o
2 monomers =
polymer
Macromolecule
Large biological molecules
Polysaccharides
polymere composed of thousands of monosaccharides, they’re macromolecules
Examples of polysaccharides
starch and glycogen. also used for energy storage
Cellulose
polymer of glucose and forms call walls. helps clean out our intestines
Chitin
polysaccharide used to build insect exoskeleton
Proteins are composed of..
different arrangements of a common set of just 20 amino acid monomers
Amino acids composed of…
amino group and carboxyl group
Amino acids
linked together in a dehydration reaction, creating peptide bond
Polypeptide
chain of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
Proteins functions are..
- enzymes
- structural
- contractile
- defensive
- signal
- receptor
- transport
- storage
Denaturation
process when a polypeptide chain unravels, losses it shape or function. relaxing of protein
4 levels of structure conformation
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Primary structure
determines the cells genetic info, the aa sequence
Secondary structure
hydrogen bonding resulting in a alpha helix, or pleated sheets.
Tertiary structure
covalent bonding resulting in the overal 3D shape of a polypeptide
Quaternary
2 or more polypeptide chains works together to form great protein
Gene
aa sequence of a polypeptide which is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is transcribed through…
RNA
RNA
ribonucleic acid
DNA and RNA are composed of..
monomers called nucleotides
Nucleotides have 3 parts
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous bases:
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
In RNA adenine pairs with..
Uracil
In DNA adenine pairs with..
Thymine
In DNA cytosine pairs with..
Guanine
Lipid
consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen atom, long term NRG. non polar
3 types of lipids
fats, phospholipids, and steroids
Fat
large lipid made up of glycerol and fatty acid
Unsaturated fats
FA containing 1 or more double bonds
Saturated fats
maximum number of hydrogen
Phospholipids
structurally similar fats, major component of all cells
Phosolipids have a hydrophilic ___ and hydrophobic ___
- head 2. tail
