Chapter 14

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

group of individuals of the same species living the same area and interbreeding

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

total collection of genes in a population at any one time

Question 3

Change in relative frequencies of alleles in a population over generations =

Answer 3

evolution

Question 4

____ _____ is the basis of evolution

Answer 4

genetic variation

Question 5

Mendel discovered the

Answer 5

heredity processes required for natural selection

Question 6

What increase genetic variation in a population

Answer 6

mutations and sexual reproduction

Question 7

Many characters result from..

Answer 7

the combined effect of several genes

Question 8

Not all variation in populations is..

Answer 8

heritable

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

random change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 10

Duplication of genes or small pieces of DNA by meiosis may lead to

Answer 10

new genes

Question 11

Mutations rarely _____ the adaptation of an individual to its environment

Answer 11

improve

Question 12

Only mutations in ___ can be inherited by offspring

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

Mutations in multicellular organisms..

Answer 13

do not significantly affect genetic variation

Question 14

Mutations is prokaryoytes quickly generate

Answer 14

genetic variation

Question 15

Sexual reproduction

Answer 15

most genetic variation results from unique combination of alleles each individual inherits

Question 16

Gametes of same individual vary significantly in

Answer 16

genetic make up

Question 17

Mircoevolution

Answer 17

genetic change in a population over time

Question 18

Individuels dont evolve..

Answer 18

populations evolve over generations

Question 19

Mutations are the origin of all new…

Answer 19

genes and alleles

Question 20

3 main causes of evolutionary change are

Answer 20

• natural selection
• genetic drift
• gene flow

Question 21

Natural selection

Answer 21

if individuals differ ion their survival reproductive success, natural selection will alter allele frequencies

Question 22

Genetic drift

Answer 22

a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance

Question 23

In small population chance event may lead to..

Answer 23

l.oss of genetic diversity

Question 24

Bottleneck effect leads to a

Answer 24

a loss of genetic diversity when a population is greatly reduced

Question 25

Founder effect

Answer 25

when a few individuals colonize a new habitat, results in genetic drift

Question 26

Gene flow

Answer 26

population may gain of lose alleles when fertile individuals move in/out of population

Question 27

Gene flow can alter

Answer 27

frequencies in a population

Question 28

Natural selection is a blend of

Answer 28

chance and sorting

Question 29

Because of sorting only natural selection consistently lead to..

Answer 29

adaptive evolution

Question 30

Relative fitness

Answer 30

contribution it makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals

Question 31

The fittest individuals are those that

Answer 31

- produce the largest number of viable, fertile offspring | - pass on the most genes to the next generation

Question 32

Natural selection can alter the _____ of phenotypes in a population

Answer 32

distribution

Question 33

Relative fitness of organisms varies and may alter the

Answer 33

distribution and frequency of phenotypes in the next generation

Question 34

Natural selection can affect the striation of phenotypes in a population in 3 ways

Answer 34

- stabilizing selection - directional selection - disruptive selection

Question 35

Stabilizing selection

Answer 35

favours intermediate phenotypes accoutring against extreme phenotypes

Question 36

Directional selection

Answer 36

acts against individuals at one of the phenotypic extremes

Question 37

Disruptive selection

Answer 37

favours individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range

Question 38

Sexual selection

Answer 38

form of natural selection in which individuals with certain traits are more likely than others to obtain mate

Question 39

Some traits may not seem adaptive but if they increase ability to find mate...

Answer 39

the trait will be reinforced over generations

Question 40

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 40

males and females show distinctly different appearance

Question 41

Intrasexual selection

Answer 41

sexual selection between same sex (often contest of physical combat)

Question 42

Inter sexual selection

Answer 42

sexual selection between sexes, one sex is choosy in selecting mates

Question 43

"Good genes" hypothesis

Answer 43

females are choosy in mate selection belays they prefer male traits that are correlated with "good genes"

Question 44

Why organisms aren't perfectly "engineered" for their environment

Answer 44

- selection can only act on existing variations - evolution is limited by historical constraints - adaptations are often comprises - chance, natural selection, and environment interact